Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province and its associated factors, providing a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia.

Methods From January to June 2023, 32 857 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in Hainan province were selected via a random cluster sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province was investigated. Furthermore, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to examine the influencing factors of the prevalence in the local population.

Results Among the 31 341 adult residents included in the final analysis, 13 377 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 42.68% and a standardized prevalence rate of 39.40%. Hypercholesterolemia (high TC) showed a prevalence rate of 26.39% (8 271 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 22.34%. Hypertriglyceridemia (high TG) had a prevalence rate of 17.82% (5 586 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 18.62%. High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (high LDL-C) showed a prevalence rate of 17.26% (5 408 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 14.35%, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C) had a prevalence rate of 8.05% (2 524 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 9.02%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by body mass index, BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were risk factors for dyslipidemia, while being female, residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. For hypercholesterolemia (high TC), the risk factors included being female, age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while protective factors were residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight. For hypertriglyceridemia (high TG), rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were identified as risk factors, whereas being female, age ≥ 45 years, being married, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. High LDL-C was associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while higher educational background (college or above), residing in central and western China, and being underweight were protective factors. For low HDL-C, risk factors included diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio, while being female, age ≥ 45 years, alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors.

Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Hainan Province is high, with hypercholesterolemia (high TC) being the most common subtype. Age, diabetes, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio were identified as common influencing factors for the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its four subtypes in this population.