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2012—2023年广西地区流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Guangxi province from 2012 to 2023

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析广西地区2012—2023年流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）的流行病学特征，为制定乙脑防控策略提供科学依据。
    方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2012—2023年广西地区乙脑发病资料，采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行流行病学描述性分析。
    结果 2012—2023年广西地区共报告乙脑168例，年均发病率为0.030/10万，死亡7例、病死率4.17%，发病率从2012年的0.153/10万（71例）下降至2023年的0.006/10万（3例），其中男性107例、年均报告发病率0.036/10万，女性61例、年均发病率0.022/10万。乙脑发病季节明显，主要集中在每年6—7月、占总发病数的77.38%。病例呈散发，报告病例主要分布在河池市（37例，22.02%）、玉林市（31例，18.45%）、贵港市（22例，13.10%）、百色市（20例，11.90%）、来宾市（11例，6.55%）和贺州市（11例，6.55%），共占总发病数的78.57%。病例以0～14岁人群为主（164例，97.62%）；职业分布主要为学生（80例，47.62%）、散居儿童（71例，42.26%）、幼托儿童（14例，8.33%）。病例中有免疫接种史44例（26.19%），无免疫接种史和不详共124例（73.81%）。
    结论 广西乙脑发病率和病死率均较低，乙脑发病得到有效控制，0～14岁人群是防控的重点人群；建议继续做好乙脑的疫苗接种，加强重点地区重点人群的宣传教育。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guangxi province from 2012 to 2023 and provide scientific evidence for developing JE prevention and control strategies.
    Methods JE incidence data from 2012 to 2023 in Guangxi province were collected through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.
    Results A total of 168 JE cases were reported in Guangxi province from 2012 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.030/100 000. Seven deaths occurred, resulting in a case fatality rate of 4.17%. The incidence rate decreased from 0.153/100 000 (71 cases) in 2012 to 0.006/100 000 (3 cases) in 2023. Among the cases, 107 were male (average annual incidence rate 0.036/100 000) and 61 were female (average annual incidence rate 0.022/100 000). JE cases exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, mainly concentrated between June and July each year, accounting for 77.38% of the total cases. Cases were sporadic and mainly distributed in Hechi city (37 cases, 22.02%), Yulin city (31 cases, 18.45%), Guigang city (22 cases, 13.10%), Baise city (20 cases, 11.90%), Laibin city (11 cases, 6.55%), and Hezhou city (11 cases, 6.55%), accounting for 78.57% of the total cases. The majority of cases (164, 97.62%) were among individuals aged 0–14 years. The primary occupations of the cases were students (80 cases, 47.62%), scattered children (71 cases, 42.26%), and children in nurseries (14 cases, 8.33%). Among the cases, 44 (26.19%) had a history of JE vaccination, while 124 (73.81%) had no vaccination history or unknown vaccination status.
    Conclusions Both the incidence and case fatality rates of JE in Guangxi province are relatively low, indicating effective control of the disease. Children aged 0–14 years are the key target population for prevention and control. Continued efforts should be made to promote JE vaccination and strengthen health education among key populations in key areas.

     

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