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中国18～25岁人群生育焦虑现状及影响因素：基于2023年中国居民心理与行为调查数据分析

Fertility anxiety and associated factors among people aged 18–25 years: an analysis of data from the 2023 Chinese Psychology and Behavior Investigation

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解2023年中国18～25岁人群生育焦虑现状及影响因素。
    方法  采用 2023年中国居民心理与行为调查数据，纳入18～25岁人群17 771人。使用一般资料调查表、患者健康问卷、广泛性焦虑障碍量表、家庭健康量表、身体意象接纳与行动问卷和领悟社会支持量表，从一般人口学特征、社会层面和心理层面调查生育焦虑现状及影响因素。
    结果 18～25岁人群生育焦虑自评分数平均分为（51.65±33.65）分。多元线性回归及对性别、婚姻状况分层分析结果显示，男性生育焦虑主要受家庭月均收入（β=0.031）、吸烟（β= –0.027）、家庭健康总分（β= –0.046）和焦虑程度（β=0.063）影响；女性主要受民族（β= –0.022）、受教育程度（β=0.028）和抑郁程度（β=0.064）影响。未婚者的影响因素包括性别（β=0.124）、受教育程度（β=0.022）、体质量指数（β= –0.027）、家庭健康总分（β= –0.023）、社会支持（β= –0.018）、抑郁程度（β=0.047）、患病情况（β=0.030）和吸烟（β= –0.016）。已婚者的主要影响因素是民族（β=0.113）和身体灵活性总分（β= –0.225）（均P<0.05）。
    结论 在18～25岁人群中生育焦虑受其人口学特征、心理状态和社会环境等多重因素影响。男性在家庭经济收入方面、女性在心理健康问题如抑郁程度等方面、未婚者在教育程度和社会支持等方面、已婚者在民族和身体形象灵活性方面均可影响生育焦虑水平。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate fertility anxiety and influencing factors among Chinese residents aged 18–25 years.
    Methods Data from 17 771 individuals in this age group were obtained from the 2023 Chinese Psychology and Behavior Investigation. The survey was administered in 800 communities and villages across 150 cities nationwide. Participants completed several questionnaires, including the General Information Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Family Health Scale (FHS), the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ), and the Perceived Social Support Scale-Short Form (PSSS-SF).
    Results The average self-rated fertility anxiety score for all participants was 51.65 ± 33.65. Multiple linear regression analyses, stratified by gender and marital status, revealed that fertility anxiety was influenced by the following factors among subgroups: average monthly family income (β = 0.031), smoking (β = –0.027), overall family health (β = –0.046), and anxiety (β = 0.063) for males and ethnicity (β = –0.022), education (β = 0.028), and depression (β = 0.064) for females. For unmarried individuals, the influencing factors were gender (β = 0.124), education (β = 0.022), body mass index (BMI) (β = –0.027), overall family health (β = –0.023), and social support (β = –0.018). For unmarried individuals, the influencing factors were gender (β = 0.124), education (β = 0.022), BMI (β = –0.027), overall family health (β = –0.023), social support (β = –0.018), depression level (β = 0.047), health status (β = 0.030), and smoking (β = –0.016). For married individuals, the influencing factors were ethnicity (β = 0.113) and total body flexibility score (β = –0.225). All factors were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
    Conclusions Fertility anxiety among individuals aged 18–25 is influenced by demographic, psychological, and social factors. Key determinants include family income (males), depression (females), education/social support (unmarried), and ethnicity/body image flexibility (married).

     

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