Objective To clarify the key factors influencing the multi-subject synergistic effect of urban communities in response to public health emergencies and their interrelationships, thus enhancing the quality and efficiency of multi-subject collaboration in response to public health risks and providing references for the scientific and efficient work of urban communities under such conditions.

Methods With the modified SFIC model as the theoretical framework, a system of influencing factors was established through literature research, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. Fuzzy DANP was employed to clarify the influencing relationships among the factors and quantify their weights. The key influencing factors were identified with consideration to the centrality, causality, and weight ranking of the factors.

Results A system of factors influencing the multi-subject synergistic effect of urban communities in response to public health emergencies was established, consisting of 5 primary factors, 15 secondary factors, and 47 tertiary factors. Among the primary factors, synergy engine, synergy supervision, and synergy environment were of higher importance. The key secondary factors included leadership, organizational structure, and ideological consensus. The main tertiary factors were the support strength of policies, laws, and regulations, operability of systems, accuracy of information, timeliness of resource acquisition, timeliness of information sharing, capability of personnel teams, and risk identification capabilities.

Conclusions To enhance the capacity of urban communities in response to public health risks in a coordinated manner and promote the long-term development of synergistic effects, efforts should be made to strengthen the spport of synergistic policies, give full play to the leading role of leadership, foster a solid foundation of ideological consensus, and optimize the support of data and intelligence.