Objective To understand the utilization of community health services and its influencing factors among young and middle-aged working populations in a district of Shanghai city, and to provide a reference for improving the utilization rate of local community health services.

Methods From July to August 2023, a stratified convenience sampling method was used to select 17 000 residents aged 18 years and the above from 10 communities in a district of Shanghai city for a questionnaire survey. Among them, 2 103 young and middle-aged working individuals aged 18–59 who had been ill in the past two weeks and sought medical treatment at medical institutions were included in the analysis of community health service utilization and its influencing factors.

Results Among the 2 103 young and middle-aged working individuals aged 18–59 who had been ill in the past two weeks and sought medical treatment at medical institutions in a district of Shanghai city, 934 visited community health service centers, with a community health service utilization rate of 44.41%. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that young and middle-aged working individuals aged 30 years and the above and those with respiratory and digestive system diseases had a higher utilization rate of community health services. Those who had purchased commercial health insurance and whose distance to the nearest community health service center was 3 to < 4 and ≥5 km had a lower utilization rate of community health services.

Conclusions The utilization rate of community health services among young and middle-aged working populations in this district of Shanghai city is relatively low. Age, disease type, purchase of commercial health insurance, and distance to the nearest community health service center are the main factors influencing the utilization rate of community health service centers among the local young and middle-aged working population.