Objective To understand the current status of economic evaluation research on influenza vaccination in key locations, and to provide scientific evidence for residents and policymakers regarding influenza vaccination economics.

Methods We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Web of Science, and PubMed databases to collect relevant Chinese and English literature published between March 12, 1982, and November 5, 2024, on the economic evaluation of influenza vaccination in key locations. We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze the current research status of economic evaluations of influenza vaccines for populations in key locations.

Results This study included 21 studies, involving eight countries: the United States, Korea, the Netherlands, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Finland, and Thailand. Seven studies focusing on hospitals indicated that influenza vaccination in hospitals is cost-effective. Five studies focusing on childcare facilities and primary/secondary schools showed that influenza vaccination for children in these settings is cost-effective. Three studies focusing on nursing homes demonstrated that influenza vaccination for the elderly in these settings is cost-effective. Of the four studies focusing on workplaces, three indicated that influenza vaccination for healthy employees is cost-effective. Additionally, one study from Thailand focusing on prisons found that influenza vaccination for inmates is cost-effective, while one study from Finland focusing on households found that influenza vaccination for housewives was not cost-effective.

Conclusions Influenza vaccination in key locations is generally cost-effective. Economic evaluations of influenza vaccination in key locations should be conducted based on national influenza vaccination cost and influenza disease burden data to provide references for relevant decision-making.