Abstract: Cardiovascular metabolic diseases (CMDs) have become a major global public health concern, posing a serious threat to human health. Plant-based diets, recognized for their substantial health benefits, have garnered increasing attention in the prevention and management of CMDs.The present review systematically summarizes advances regarding plant-based diets and cardiometabolic diseases. High-quality plant-based foods, through increased intake of dietary fiber, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, contribute to improved metabolic markers, reduced inflammation, and regulation of blood lipids and glucose, effectively lowering the risk of CMDs. Furthermore, plant-based diets may enhance overall health by improving gut health and cognitive function. Despite the increasing studies on plant-based diets globally, the studies focusing on Chinese populations remain limited and often fail to take the unique characteristics of traditional dietary culture into account. Future efforts should integrate traditional Chinese dietary patterns to optimize plant-based dietary interventions, promote the application of plant-based diets in the prevention and control of CMDs, and provide a theoretical foundation for public health policy development.