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2024年1—5月南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床特征及疫苗接种情况分析

The clinical characteristics and vaccination status of pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city from January to May 2024: a surveillance data analysis

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析江苏省南京市江宁区650例百日咳病例的临床特征及含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况，为百日咳预防接种免疫策略的制定提供参考依据。
    方法 收集江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统中南京市江宁区2024年1—5月在中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的650例百日咳病例的相关数据，分析该地区百日咳病例的临床特征及含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况。
    结果 江宁区650例百日咳病例中，咳嗽者640例（98.46%），阵发性痉挛性咳嗽者233例（35.84%），发热者99例（15.23%），呕吐者81例（12.46%），合并肺炎者61例（9.38%），吸气性呼吸音者38例（5.85%）；江宁区不同年龄组百日咳病例临床症状比较，阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎发生率均不同（均P<0.05），其中<3月龄病例咳嗽（100.00%）、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽（61.54%）、呕吐（30.77%）、合并肺炎（23.08%）和吸气性呼吸音（23.08%）的发生率均最高；接种含百日咳成分疫苗者604例，疫苗接种率为92.92%；<3月龄、3月龄～2岁、3～5岁、6～11岁和≥12岁的含百日咳成分疫苗接种率分别为0、86.96%、95.24%、98.93%和82.05%，不同年龄组百日咳病例，疫苗接种率不同，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=111.63，P<0.001）；百日咳住院病例与非住院病例比较，住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（84.61%）低于非住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（93.84%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.72，P<0.001）。
    结论 江宁区<3月龄百日咳病例咳嗽、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎和吸气性呼吸音等临床症状发生率较高且均未接种含百日咳成分疫苗，非住院病例的疫苗接种率较高。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and pertussis-containing vaccine (PCV) vaccination status of 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, to provide a reference for the development of pertussis vaccination and immunization strategies.
    Methods Data on 650 pertussis cases reported from Jiangning district, Nanjing city, in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January to May 2024, were collected from the Jiangsu Provincial Integrated Vaccination Service Management Information System. The clinical characteristics and PCV vaccination status of pertussis cases in this area were analyzed.
    Results Among the 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, 640 (98.46%) had a cough, 233 (35.84%) had paroxysmal spasmodic cough, 99 (15.23%) had fever, 81 (12.46%) had vomiting, 61 (9.38%) had pneumonia, and 38 (5.85%) had inspiratory stridor. Comparison of clinical symptoms of pertussis cases in different age groups in Jiangning district showed differences in the incidence of paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, and pneumonia (all P < 0.05). The incidence of cough (100.00%), paroxysmal spasmodic cough (61.54%), vomiting (30.77%), pneumonia (23.08%), and inspiratory stridor (23.08%) was highest in cases < 3 months of age. Among the cases, 604 (92.92%) had received PCV. The PCV vaccination rates for the < 3 months, 3 months to 2 years, 3 to 5 years, 6 to 11 years, and ≥ 12 years age groups were 0, 86.96%, 95.24%, 98.93%, and 82.05%, respectively. Comparison of pertussis cases in different age groups showed significant differences in vaccination rates (χ2 = 111.63, P < 0.001). The PCV vaccination rate among hospitalized pertussis cases (84.61%) was significantly lower than that among non-hospitalized cases (93.84%) (χ2 = 13.72, P < 0.001).
    Conclusions The incidence of clinical symptoms such as cough, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, pneumonia, and inspiratory stridor was higher in pertussis cases < 3 months of age in Jiangning district, and none of these cases had received PCV. The vaccination rate was higher among non-hospitalized cases.

     

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