高级检索

2014—2022年中国养老机构人力资源配置公平性及空间相关性

Research on the equity and spatial correlation of human resource allocation in China′s elderly care institutions from 2014 to 2022: a longitudinal study

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析2014—2022年我国养老机构人力资源配置水平和人员结构，从时空角度测算其公平性和聚集性，为优化我国养老机构人力资源配置提供建议。
    方法 收集我国31个省份养老机构从业人员的面板数据，计算2014—2022年各省份养老机构年末从业人员的性别比例、专业技术人员占比、≥65岁从业人员占比的变化情况，以老年人口数量为权重计算泰尔指数和Dagum基尼系数变化趋势及分解效应，采用全局和局部莫兰指数计算我国养老机构人力资源在空间上的聚集程度。
    结果 我国的养老机构人力资源总量增长率达68.92%，但每千名老人拥有的养老机构人力资源数量呈现负增长。2022年我国养老机构从业人员的大学本科及以上学历占比为8.42%，专业技术技能人员占比为75.23%，≥56岁人员占比为20.45%，女性人员占比为62.36%。我国养老机构人力资源配置区域公平性有所提升，总体泰尔指数由2014年的0.11下降至2022年的0.05，Dagum基尼系数由2014年的0.41下降至2022年的0.39。空间相关性分析结果显示，养老机构人力资源在空间上呈现正向聚集增加的趋势，全局莫兰指数从2014年的0.273上升至2022年的0.390（每年度均P<0.01），局部莫兰散点图显示区域间呈现“高–高”和“低–低”的聚集现象。
    结论 我国养老机构人力资源配置总量落后于老年人口增长，公平性有所提升，但存在空间正向聚集趋势，未来兼顾扩容和提质，着力提升养老机构从业人员队伍素质、增加技术人员的占比、促进养老机构人力资源跨区域流动。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the staffing levels and personnel structure of elderly care institutions in China from 2014 to 2022, assess their equity and spatial distribution, and provide recommendations for optimizing the allocation of human resources in these institutions.
    Methods Panel data on employees in elderly care institutions from 31 provinces in China were collected. Changes in the proportion of male and female employees, the proportion of professional and technical personnel, and the proportion of employees aged 65 and older were calculated for each province from 2014 to 2022. The Theil index and Dagum Gini coefficient, weighted by the elderly population, were used to assess trends in equity and their decomposition effects. Global and local Moran′s I were employed to calculate the spatial clustering of human resources in elderly care institutions across China.
    Results The total number of human resources in elderly care institutions increased by 68.92%, but the number of staff per thousand elderly people showed a negative growth trend. In 2022, the proportion of employees with a bachelor′s degree or above was 8.42%, the proportion of professional and technical personnel was 75.23%, the proportion of employees aged 56 and older was 20.45%, and the proportion of female employees was 62.36%. The regional equity of human resource allocation in elderly care institutions improved, with the overall Theil index decreasing from 0.11 in 2014 to 0.05 in 2022, and the Dagum Gini coefficient decreasing from 0.41 in 2014 to 0.39 in 2022. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a positive spatial clustering trend for human resources in elderly care institutions. The global Moran′s I increased from 0.273 in 2014 to 0.390 in 2022 (P < 0.01 for each year). Local Moran′s I scatter plots showed "high-high" and "low-low" clustering patterns among regions.
    Conclusions The total human resources in China′s elderly care institutions lag behind the growth of the elderly population. While equity has improved, there is a trend of positive spatial clustering. Future efforts should focus on both expanding capacity and improving quality, increasing the proportion of highly qualified and skilled personnel, and promoting inter-regional mobility of human resources in elderly care institutions.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(15)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回