Abstract: The health of rural residents is the foundation of comprehensive rural development and a prerequisite for building a harmonious society. However, the overall health literacy level of rural residents in China is lower than that of urban residents, and the urban-rural gap is significant. This article systematically reviews the health literacy levels of Chinese rural residents over the years and relevant research results at home and abroad, and thoroughly explores the current status of rural residents' health literacy, influencing factors, and intervention strategies. It aims to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective intervention measures and improving the health literacy of rural residents.