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空气污染物长期暴露与SARS-CoV-2突破性感染IgG抗体水平关系的横断面研究

Association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and IgG antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections: a cross-sectional study

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解空气污染物长期暴露与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）突破性感染免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体水平的关系，为揭示环境因素对感染后免疫应答的影响提供科学依据。
    方法 于2023年3月，采用方便抽样结合分层随机抽样方法对湖北省宜昌市14个区县的社区居民进行问卷调查和IgG抗体检测，最终纳入3 885例已接种疫苗且发生SARS-CoV-2突破性感染者，根据家庭住址信息提取经纬度，利用环境数据库估算细颗粒物（PM2.5）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、超细颗粒物（PM1）、二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）、臭氧（O3）和一氧化碳（CO）空气污染物及温度、相对湿度和人口密度环境因素的长期暴露水平；采用多元线性回归模型分析空气污染物长期暴露对SARS-CoV-2突破性感染IgG抗体水平影响的估计效应。
    结果 PM1和NO2每增加1个QR，IgG抗体水平变化百分比分别为−2.83%（95%CI= −5.22%～−0.45%）和−3.17%（95%CI= −5.71%～−0.63%）；PM1和NO2混合暴露后，IgG抗体水平变化百分比为−1.49%（95%CI= −2.89%～−0.10%），其中NO2的贡献占比较高（57.0%）；年龄≥60岁、吸烟和最后1次疫苗接种到感染时间间隔≥12个月，SARS-CoV-2突破性感染者IgG抗体水平对PM1和NO2的影响更为敏感（均P交互项<0.05）。
    结论 长期暴露于PM1和NO2可能会削弱SARS-CoV-2突破性感染后的免疫反应，≥60岁老年人、吸烟者和疫苗接种时间间隔较长者是免疫应答较弱的易感人群。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection cases, providing evidence for revealing the impacts of environmental factors on post-infection immune responses.
    Methods In March 2023, a combined convenience and stratified random sampling strategy was employed to survey community residents in 14 districts and counties of Yichang city, Hubei province. Questionnaire data and IgG measurements were obtained, and 3 885 vaccinated individuals with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections were included in the analysis. Residential addresses were decoded to latitude and longitude. Publicly available environmental databases were used to estimate long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), ultrafine particulate matter (PM1), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, relative humidity, and population density. Multivariate linear regression models were employed to evaluate the effects of long-term pollutant exposure on IgG levels.
    Results Per interquartile range increase in PM1 and NO2 was associated with –2.83% (95%CI: –5.22% to –0.45%) and –3.17% (95%CI: –5.71% to –0.63%) changes in IgG antibody levels, respectively. Combined exposure to PM1 and NO2 was associated with a –1.49% (95%CI: –2.89% to –0.10%) change in IgG antibody level, with NO2 contributing a higher proportion (57.0%) to the overall effect. Negative associations of PM1 and NO2 with IgG levels were more pronounced among individuals aged ≥ 60 years, smokers, and those with a time interval ≥ 12 months between the last vaccination and infection (all Pinteraction < 0.05).
    Conclusions Long-term exposure to PM1 and NO2 may impair the immune response following SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Individuals aged ≥ 60 years, smokers, and those with extended intervals since last vaccination are predisposed to weaker immune responses.

     

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