Abstract:
Objective To investigate and analyze a measles outbreak in an elementary school in Henan province, thereby providing a basis for the prevention and control of measles outbreaks.
Methods On-site epidemiological investigation and outbreak disposition were carried out for the suspected cases related to this outbreak reported by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Blood and pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from suspected cases and close contacts. Laboratory tests included serological testing, nucleic acid testing, and genotyping for measles virus, and data were analyzed in Excel 2019 software.
Results An outbreak of measles in an elementary school was reported in May 2024 in Henan province, with three confirmed cases, two of which were sequenced to be of the B3 genotype. The cases showed typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Among the students in the grades where the cases were located, 75.41% (276/366) had a history of immunization with ≥2 doses of measles component-containing vaccine (MCV) and 8.47% (31/366) had no history of immunization with MCV. The outbreak was effectively controlled after taking emergency vaccination, catch-up vaccination after checking for missed cases, and other measures.
Conclusions The outbreak is caused by a measles virus strain of B3 genotype, and the dense school population and weak immunization barriers are main factors for this outbreak. In the future, efforts should be made to improve the system of school enrollment vaccination certificate verification and catch-up vaccination, increase the coverage of MCV, and build a strong immunization barrier.
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