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学龄前儿童短视频暴露情况与眼轴长度关联

Association between short video exposure and axial length in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 调查学龄前儿童短视频暴露时间及内容特点，分析其与学龄前儿童眼轴长度的关联，为学龄前儿童近视防控工作提供参考。
    方法 于2023年4—6月，在上海市浦东新区、徐汇区各选取1家幼儿园共36个班级326名学龄前儿童发放在线问卷，由儿童家长填写，调查儿童社会人口学特征、家庭电子设备环境及儿童日常行为，现场测量儿童眼轴长度及身高体重数据，采用搭载“儿童屏幕暴露”应用程序的平板电脑精准测量儿童1周内使用电子屏幕时长及内容，采用t检验、线性回归、分位数回归等对数据进行描述性分析。
    结果 男童眼轴长度（22.69±0.65）mm显著长于女童（22.00±0.72）mm（P<0.001），且随着年龄（β=0.269，P<0.001）、身高（β=0.346，P<0.001）、体重（β=0.342，P<0.001）、白天睡眠时长（β=1.2×10−3，P=0.03）的增长，眼轴长度有显著增长。63名（19.33%）学龄前儿童有短视频暴露情况，观看少儿节目类内容时长占比最高，为23.18%；儿童观看内容时长有48.40%为PG级及以上，需家长指导或不宜儿童观看；儿童观看绝大多数内容为非教育类内容、快速切换内容，时长占比分别为96.09%、82.75%；同时，儿童观看现实类内容较多，时长占比52.13%。观看屏幕慢速切换视频时间越长的儿童，眼轴长度越长（β=0.0385，P=0.04）。
    结论 学龄前儿童有观看短视频情况，观看以少儿节目类、非教育类、快速切换的短视频为多，观看内容时长以现实类、PG级及以上为多；观看屏幕慢速切换短视频时间越长的儿童，眼轴长度越长。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the exposure time and content characteristics of short videos among preschool children and analyze their association with axial length, in order to provide a reference for myopia prevention and control in preschool children.
    Methods From April to June 2023, 326 preschool children from 36 classes in one kindergarten each in Pudong New district and Xuhui district, Shanghai city, were enrolled in this study. Online questionnaires were distributed to parents to collect information on children's sociodemographic characteristics, home electronic device environment, and daily behaviors. Axial length, height, and weight were measured on-site. A tablet computer equipped with a "Children′s Screen Exposure" application was used to accurately measure the duration and content of children′s electronic screen use within one week. Data were analyzed using t-tests, linear regression, and quantile regression.
    Results The axial length of boys (22.69 ± 0.65) mm was significantly longer than that of girls (22.00 ± 0.72) mm. Axial length increased significantly with age (β = 0.269, P < 0.001), height (β = 0.346, P < 0.001), weight (β = 0.342, P < 0.001), and daytime sleep duration (β = 1.2×10−3, P = 0.03). Sixty-three (19.33%) preschool children were exposed to short videos, with children's programs accounting for the highest proportion of viewing time (23.18%). 48.40% of the children's viewing time was PG-rated or above, requiring parental guidance or unsuitable for children. The vast majority of the content viewed by children was non-educational (96.09%) and rapidly changing (82.75%). Children also watched a large proportion of reality-based content (52.13%). Children who spent more time watching slow-switching videos had longer axial lengths (β = 0.0385, P = 0.04).
    Conclusions Preschool children are exposed to short videos, mostly children′s programs, non-educational content, and rapidly changing content. The viewing time is mainly spent on reality-based content and PG-rated or above content. Children who spend more time watching slow-switching short videos have longer axial lengths.

     

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