Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, spatial-temporal clustering, and change trend of hepatitis B among children aged under 15 years in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2023.

Methods The research data were collected from the China Information System of Disease Control and Prevention. The descriptive analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and spatio-temporal scanning analysis were performed to explore the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and clustering pattern of hepatitis B in children aged under 15 years in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Results From 2009 to 2023, the reported incidence of hepatitis B in children aged under 15 years in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region showed a downward trend. The sex ratio of male to female incidence was 1.77∶1. The average annual incidence was the highest (6.35/100 000) in the age group of 10 to <15 years. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was significant spatial clustering in the incidence of hepatitis B among children in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. High-high clustering was mainly concentrated in western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and some central regions, while low-low clustering was concentrated in northeastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis detected 2 high-incidence clusters and 1 low-incidence cluster.

Conclusions The prevention and control of hepatitis B in children in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has achieved remarkable results, while there is still a phenomenon of spatial-temporal clustering. In high-incidence areas, it is necessary to strengthen strategies such as vaccination, mother-to-child blocking, and health education. In low-incidence areas, existing prevention and control measures should be kept to consolidate the reduction in the incidence of hepatitis B in children.