Objective To analyze the implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China, providing decision-making reference for formulating and improving the policy of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases.

Methods From March to June 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current implementation status of treatment-prevention integration in 296 general hospitals and 15 infectious disease hospitals in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in eastern, central, and western China.

Results Among the surveyed hospitals, 45.37% established internal policies related to treatment-prevention integration, and 64.19% of general hospitals and 60% of infectious disease hospitals had independent public health departments. Among general hospitals, 56.76% had infection departments focusing primarily on treatment with limited prevention work, while 19.59% had infection departments with balanced treatment and prevention tasks (each 50%). Most (98.99%) of general hospitals and all infectious disease hospitals received supervision and guidance from disease control agencies for infectious disease prevention and control. The public health work in 65.20% of general hospitals and 66.67% of infectious disease hospitals was included in performance evaluation. A proportion of general hospitals (47.64%) and infectious disease hospitals (86.67%) participated in different types of medical alliances. Over 90% of hospitals had only partial or no functional linkage between their information systems and those of disease control agencies.

Conclusions Medical institutions are increasingly emphasizing treatment-prevention integration, while there is a lack of top-level design and specific planning. The motivation for integration between institutions remains insufficient, and the fulfillment of public health responsibilities within institutions is inadequate. The functional roles of different organizational models for treatment-prevention integration for infectious disease need further clarification. The linkage in resource-sharing information systems requires improvement.