Abstract:
Objective To analyze the source of infection and epidemiological characteristics of a pulmonary anthrax case in Henan province, thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pulmonary anthrax.
Methods A pulmonary anthrax case reported in Henan province in January 2025 was investigated on site, with standard control measures implemented. Samples were collected from the patient and the environment for laboratory testing.
Results In this outbreak in Henan province, one case of pulmonary anthrax was reported. The patient, whose occupation was a farmer, was infected due to participating in sheep slaughtering or activities in a live sheep trading market. The early symptom was fever, followed by sudden asthma, difficulty in breathing, chest tightness, dizziness, headache, nausea and other symptoms. High-throughput gene sequencing of the lung tissue and alveolar lavage fluid both detected sequences of Bacillus anthracis, and the nucleic acid test for B. anthracis was positive. The serum sample tested positive for B. anthracis IgG antibody. The patient was cured and discharged after treatment. No relevant symptoms appeared in close contacts or at-risk personnel, and the nucleic acid test results for B. anthracis in relevant environmental samples were all negative.
Conclusions This outbreak in Henan province is an incidental case of pulmonary anthrax caused by inhalation. The source of infection is sheep, with potential routes of infection involving slaughtering activities or exposure at the live sheep market.
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