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海雾天气对大气污染物浓度的调控作用：基于2014—2023年青岛市监测数据分析

Regulation of sea fog weather on concentrations of atmospheric pollutants: a monitoring data analysis in Qingdao, 2014–2023

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  本研究旨在系统探究海雾天气对主要大气污染物（PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3）浓度的调控作用，并与霾天气和非雾非霾天气进行对比分析，以揭示气象条件与天气类型对污染物浓度变化的作用机制。
    方法  以2014—2023年青岛市全域的长时段大气污染与气象监测数据为基础，结合单因素分析和多元线性回归分析，评估海雾天气及相关气象参数（气压、温度、相对湿度、降水量、风速）对污染物浓度的单独和综合影响。通过量化气象参数对污染物浓度变化的方差解释权重，分析不同天气类型对污染物浓度的差异性影响。
    结果  单因素分析表明，海雾天气对除SO2外的多数污染物（PM2.5、PM10、NO2、CO、O3）浓度均有显著降低作用，其减污效应优于非雾非霾天气。霾天气显著促进PM2.5、NO2和SO2的浓度累积 PM2.5为（106.6±33.0）、NO2为（56.4±17.3）、SO2为（30.8±22.8），而非雾非霾天气对污染物浓度的驱散作用较弱。多元线性回归分析显示，气象参数对污染物浓度的调控具有正向或负向影响。温度是臭氧（O3）浓度变化的核心驱动因素（方差解释权重=0.180），相对湿度对NO2浓度影响显著（方差解释权重=0.112），而风速通过扩散作用对颗粒物（PM2.5和PM10）和NO2浓度具有显著削减作用。此外，海雾天气在高湿条件下进一步加速了颗粒物浓度的降低，而霾天气在低风速条件下显著增强了污染物的累积。
    结论  天气类型及气象条件对大气污染物浓度变化具有显著的调控作用。海雾天气对多数污染物呈现一定的净化作用。相比之下，霾天气对大气污染物的累积作用更为显著。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the regulation of sea fog weather on the concentrations of major atmospheric pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) and compare the effects between haze and non-fog non-haze conditions, thus revealing the mechanisms by which meteorological conditions and weather types influence changes in pollutant concentrations.
    Methods  Single-factor analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed for long-term atmospheric pollution and meteorological monitoring data in Qingdao city from 2014 to 2023 to evaluate the individual and combined effects of sea fog weather and related meteorological parameters (atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed) on pollutant concentrations. By quantifying the variance explanation weights of meteorological parameters on changes in pollutant concentrations, we analyzed the differential impacts of different weather types on pollutant concentrations.
    Results  Single-factor analysis indicated that sea fog weather significantly reduced the concentrations of most pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, and O3) except SO2, demonstrating a stronger pollution-mitigating effect than under non-fog non-haze conditions. Haze events significantly promoted the accumulation of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 PM2.5: (106.6 ± 33.0) μg/m3, NO2: (56.4 ± 17.3) μg/m3, SO2: (30.8 ± 22.8) μg/m3, while non-fog non-haze conditions exhibited weak pollutant dispersion capacity. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that meteorological parameters exerted positive or negative regulatory effects on pollutant concentrations. Temperature emerged as the core driver of ozone (O3) concentration variations (variance explanation weight = 0.180). Relative humidity significantly influenced NO2 concentrations (variance explanation weight = 0.112), and wind speed effectively reduced concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and NO2 through dispersion. Furthermore, sea fog events accelerated the reduction in particulate matter concentrations under high humidity conditions, whereas haze events significantly enhanced pollutant accumulation under low wind speed conditions.
    Conclusions  Weather types and meteorological conditions exert significant regulatory effects on air pollutant concentrations. Sea fog events exhibit a purifying effect on most pollutants, whereas haze events play a more pronounced role in promoting pollutant accumulation.

     

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