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新标准下中国高龄老年人体质指数分布特征：基于2015—2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据

Distribution characteristics of body mass index in Chinese older adults of advanced ages under the new standard: based on data from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017)

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  研究新体质指数推荐标准下中国80岁及以上高龄老年人体质指数（BMI）水平并分析不同BMI水平人群的分布特征。
    方法  共纳入2015—2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测研究中3 262名高龄老年人，采用2025年最新发布的《高龄老年人体质指数适宜范围与体重管理标准》判定高龄老年人适宜体质指数水平，并应用国家统计局第六次人口普查数据对结果进行加权调整，采用基于复杂抽样设计校正的Rao-Scott χ2检验分析高龄老年人体质指数分布特征。
    结果  2015—2017年中国80岁及以上城市高龄老年人加权BMI平均水平为（23.5±0.2）kg/m2，农村为（22.4±0.2）kg/m2，我国城乡高龄老年人BMI总体分布趋势相同，但农村高龄老年人BMI水平略低于城市高龄老年人（F=20.94，P<0.01）；在新的标准下44.6%的高龄老年人BMI水平处于适宜范围，43.0%的高龄老年人BMI水平低于适宜范围；居住在农村（65.3%）、中西部地区（34.4%、25.0%）、文化水平在小学及以下（89.8%）、家庭人均年膳食支出水平较低（23.0%）的高龄老年人低于BMI适宜水平的比例较高（均P<0.01）。
    结论  在新的BMI适宜范围标准下，中国80岁及以上高龄老年人BMI处于中等偏低水平，提示我国高龄老年人目前的营养问题仍以营养不足为主。了解新标准下高龄老年人的BMI水平及分布特征可为重点人群的健康管理提供新的数据支撑。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate body mass index (BMI) level of older adults aged 80 years and above in China under the new BMI recommendation standard and analyze the distribution characteristics of people with different BMI levels.
    Methods A total of 3 262 older adults of advanced ages from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015– 2017) were included. The appropriate BMI level of them was determined by the latest The Appropriate Range of Body Mass Index and Body Weight Management Standards for the Oldest Old published in 2025. The results were weighted and adjusted by the sixth census data of the National Bureau of Statistics. The Rao-Scott chi-square test based on complex sampling design correction was performed to analyze the distribution characteristics of BMI among the older adults of advanced ages.
    Results The weighted mean BMI of the older adults aged 80 years and above in China was (23.5±0.2) kg/m2 in urban areas and (22.4±0.2) kg/m2 in rural areas in 2015–2017. The overall distribution trends of BMI among the older adults of advanced ages were similar in urban and rural areas in China, while the BMI level in rural areas was slightly lower than that in urban areas (F = 20.94, P < 0.01). Under the new standard, 44.6% of the older adults of advanced ages had a BMI in the appropriate range, and 43.0% had a BMI below the appropriate range. The proportions of the older adults of advanced ages living in rural areas (65.3%) or in the central and western China (34.4% and 25.0%), with primary school education or below (89.8%), and with lower per capita annual dietary expenditure (23.0%) who had BMI below the appropriate range were higher (P < 0.01).
    Conclusions Under the new appropriate BMI range standard, the BMI of older adults aged 80 or above in China is at a medium to low level, suggesting that the current nutritional problems of this population in China are still dominated by undernutrition. Understanding the BMI level and distribution characteristics of this population under the new standard can provide new data support for the health management of key populations.

     

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