Abstract: The strategic planning of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has undergone a systematic transformation from a neuroscience-centered focus to a balanced emphasis on both basic research and clinical application. It has gradually developed into a research framework characterized by scientific evidence, a life-course perspective, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The NIMH experience demonstrates that forward-looking planning, policy support, and social collaboration are key to advancing research innovation, improving service systems, and enhancing the quality of public services. China′s mental health research funding system remains fragmented and exploratory, lacking systematic strategic guidance and sustained support mechanisms. Drawing on the U.S. experience, China should establish a scientific, systematic, and sustainable national strategic framework that strengthens basic research while emphasizing clinical translation, digital interventions, and social participation mechanisms, thereby promoting the organic integration of research achievements, service systems, and public health goals.