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中文版老年人跌倒行为量表在中国社区老年人中信度和效度评价

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Falls Behavioural Scale for Older People (FaB) among community-dwelling older adults in China

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 评价中文版老年人跌倒行为（FaB）量表在中国社区老年人中的信度与效度，为老年人跌倒风险的评估提供科学工具。
    方法 采用“翻译—回译—专家评审”程序完成FaB量表的汉化和文化调适，于2025年8月采用随机抽样方法在江苏省无锡市江阴市抽取113名≥60岁社区老年人进行中文版FaB量表测试。通过项目分析和计算Cronbach′s α系数评估量表信度，采用内容效度指数（CVI）和探索性因子分析（EFA）检验量表效度。
    结果 中文版FaB量表24个条目的临界比（CR）值均>2.5（t=15.289，P<0.001），变异系数（CV）值均>25%，具有良好的鉴别力；中文版FaB量表的总体Cronbach′s α系数为0.851，该量表内部一致性信度良好；内容效度方面，内容相关性、表达清晰度和文化适宜性3个维度的量表水平内容效度指数（S-CVI/Ave）分别为0.89、0.93和0.96，条目水平内容效度指数（I-CVI）范围分别为0.67～1.00、0.56～1.00和0.67～1.00；探索性因子分析结果显示，KMO值为0.711，Bartlett′s球形检验差异有统计学意义（χ2近似=986.722，P<0.001），适宜进行因子分析。通过主成分分析法和最大方差正交旋转法共提取出情境性行为调节、主动防护行为、环境警觉与适应、身体稳定性管理、风险性日常行为、规划性安全习惯和登高风险应对与社交学习7个公因子，累计方差贡献率为64.58%，该量表具有较好的结构效度。
    结论 中文版FaB量表具有良好的信度和效度，能够较为全面地反映老年人日常生活中与跌倒相关的行为特征，适用于我国社区老年人跌倒风险的评估。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Falls Behavioural Scale for Older People (FaB) among community-dwelling older adults in China, thus providing a sound instrument for assessing fall risk in this population.
    Methods The FaB was translated and culturally adapted by a translation–back translation–expert review procedure. In August 2025, a total of 113 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years were randomly selected from Jiangyin city, Wuxi city, Jiangsu province to complete the Chinese version of the FaB. Item analysis and Cronbach′s α coefficient were employed to assess reliability. Content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to examine validity.
    Results Item analysis showed that all the 24 items of the Chinese version of the FaB demonstrated good discriminative power, with critical ratio (CR) values > 3.0 (t = 15.289, P < 0.001) and coefficients of variation (CV) > 25%. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.851, indicating good internal consistency reliability. For content validity, the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.89 for content relevance, 0.93 for clarity of expression, and 0.96 for cultural appropriateness. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, 0.56 to 1.00, and 0.67 to 1.00 across the three dimensions, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.711 and Bartlett′s test of sphericity indicated statistically significant differences (χ2 = 986.722, P < 0.001), indicating suitability for factor analysis. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted seven common factors: situational behavioral regulation, proactive protective behavior, environmental vigilance and adaptation, body stability management, risky daily behaviors, planned safety habits, and high-reach risk coping and social learning. The cumulative variance explained was 64.58%, demonstrating good structural validity.
    Conclusions The Chinese version of the FaB exhibits good reliability and validity. It comprehensively reflects fall-related behavioral characteristics in daily life and is suitable for assessing fall risk among community-dwelling older adults in China.

     

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