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人兽界面公共卫生风险协同防控能力评价指标体系构建及应用效果：基于德尔菲专家咨询法

Construction and application of an evaluation indicator system for synergistic prevention and control capabilities of public health risks at the human-animal interface: a Delphi study

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  构建基于全健康理念的人兽界面公共卫生风险协同防控能力评价指标体系，并在典型地区应用验证，为我国公共卫生能力评估与跨部门协同能力提升提供工具。
    方法  于2024年8—12月，采用文献分析法构建初始框架，经2轮德尔菲专家咨询法构建人兽界面公共卫生风险协同防控能力评价指标体系，并用层次分析法确定权重。通过问卷调查在江西省和海南省进行现场调研，采用Excel 16.72和SPSS 26.0进行评价分析。
    结果  构建的指标体系中，一级指标中“政策支撑”权重最高（37.51%），其次为“要素供给”（18.58%）和“综合监测”（16.08%），反映出制度协调与资源协同在协同防控能力中的核心作用。江西省总体得分70.94分，高于海南省的61.95分，差异主要体现在信息化建设和物资配备。县级中，余干县得分最高（81.44分），新建区最低（51.58分）。
    结论  本研究构建的人兽界面公共卫生风险协同防控能力评价指标体系具有良好科学性和可操作性，可用于区域性人兽界面公共卫生能力评估、识别协同短板并支持差异化策略制定，为全健康理念在基层公共卫生实践中的落实提供方法学支撑。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To construct an evaluation indicator system for the synergistic prevention and control capabilities of public health risks at the human-animal interface based on the One Health concept and validate its application in typical regions, providing a tool for public health capability assessment and interdepartmental collaboration improvement in China.
    Methods From August to December 2024, an initial framework was developed via literature analysis. A comprehensive evaluation indicator system for synergistic prevention and control capabilities of public health risks at the human-animal interface was subsequently constructed through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, with indicator weights determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Field surveys were conducted in Jiangxi and Hainan provinces via questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed in Excel 16.72 and SPSS 26.0.
    Results Among the primary indicators in the constructed indicator system, policy support had the highest weight (37.51%), followed by resource provision (18.58%) and comprehensive monitoring (16.08%), reflecting the central role of institutional coordination and resource collaboration in the synergistic prevention and control capabilities. The overall score for Jiangxi province was 70.94, higher than that (61.95) in Hainan province, with the main differences found in information system development and material provision. At the county level, Yugan county had the highest score (81.44), while Xinjian district had the lowest (51.58).
    Conclusions The indicator system developed in this study for assessing the synergistic prevention and control capabilities of public health risks at the human-animal interface is scientifically sound and operationally feasible. It can be used for assessing regional public health capabilities, identifying synergistic gaps, and supporting the formulation of differentiated strategies, providing methodological support for the implementation of the One Health concept in public health practices at the primary level.

     

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