Objective To understand the prevalence status and influencing factors of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in 7 provinces (municipality) of China, thus providing a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures for sleep rhythm problems.

Methods From March to October 2024, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 50 400 community residents aged ≥15 in seven provinces (municipality), including Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Henan, Guangdong, Chongqing, and Shaanxi. The prevalence status and influencing factors of delayed sleep phase problem (DSPP) and advanced sleep phase problem (ASPP) were analyzed.

Results Among the 46 193 community residents included in the analysis, 172 and 8 354 were detected with DSPP and ASPP, respectively, with weighted detection rates of 1.07% and 11.90%. The results of the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that students or had current smoking, drinking, frequent use of electronic products before bedtime, and frequently eating late-night snacks were associated with a higher risk of DSPP, while those aged ≥40 had a lower risk of DSPP. Age ≥ 40, living in rural areas, drinking, and having chronic diseases were associated with a higher risk of ASPP, while the educational background of junior high school or above, office workers, students, other occupations, engaging in physical activity 3 to 4 times a week, and frequently eating late-night snacks were associated with a lower risk of ASPP.

Conclusions The detection rate of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in 7 provinces (municipality) of China is relatively high, with age, educational background, occupation, drinking habits, and whether frequently eating late-night snacks being common influencing factors for the detection of DSPP and ASPP.