Abstract: Preventing and responding to major infectious diseases is a highly complex and interconnected systematic endeavor. The conventional department-centered governance model has obvious limitations in cross-subject collaboration, information sharing, and resource allocation, necessitating urgent multi-subject collaborative governance. With the wide application of digital technology in global infectious disease governance, digital empowerment has become a key path for promoting collaborative governance. Leveraging the SFIC model of collaborative governance, this study takes Zhejiang′s major infectious disease prevention and control practice as a case to systematically analyze the mechanism and operational logic of digital empowerment in four dimensions: starting conditions, facilitative leadership, institutional design, and collaborative process. The findings indicate that digital technology greatly optimizes the starting conditions of multi-subject collaborative governance by reducing information asymmetry and reshaping authority and institutional rules. The facilitative leadership centered on data hubs and platform governance integrates administrative and technical authority. Institutionalized data sharing rules provide a stable legitimate foundation. The platform-based, closed-loop collaborative process transforms prevention and control from temporary mobilization to regular governance. The study identifies Zhejiang′s achievements and bottlenecks, and proposes optimization strategies—including building an integrated collaborative governance framework, improving a dynamic institutional support system, deepening technology-empowered collaboration, and advancing inclusive digital governance—to address multi-subject linkage challenges and provide reference for improving the national public health governance system.