Objective To investigate the cognition and participation status of medical staff in medical alliance construction and explore the influencing factors of their participation, thus providing evidence for further promoting the construction of medical alliances.

Methods From June to September 2024, a total of 400 medical staff members with working experience of no less than 5 years were recruited from a large grade A tertiary hospital in Fujian province by the convenience sampling method. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze their cognition and participation in medical alliance construction. A multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of medical staff′s participation in medical alliance construction.

Results Among the finally included 381 medical staff members, 353 (92.65%) believed that the hospital′s medical alliance construction in recent years had achieved remarkable results; 361 (94.75%) held that it was necessary to dispatch management cadres to medical alliance institutions; 357 (93.70%) considered it necessary to assign technical and academic directors to medical alliance institutions; 306 (80.31%) reported that heavy clinical workload left them with little spare energy to carry out medical alliance-related work; 254 (66.67%) regarded the non-interconnection of information systems as the primary difficulty in two-way referral; and only 180 (47.24%) had participated in medical alliance construction. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that medical staff with intermediate and above professional titles, those working in departments that regularly carried out medical alliance work, and those in departments with established expert workstations had a higher participation level in medical alliance construction.

Conclusions Medical staff have a high recognition degree of medical alliance construction, while their overall participation remains to be improved. Professional title of intermediate level or above, regular development of medical alliance work in departments, and the establishment of expert workstations are key factors facilitating medical staff′s participation. Heavy routine workload, insufficient information system support, and imperfect system construction are the main obstacles restricting their participation in medical alliance construction.