Abstract: Objective To investigate the expressions and their clinical significance of RhoA and Rock in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods From June 2012 to February 2013,20 male patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia by tissue specimens in Shenyang Military General Hospital were selected. Fresh prostate specimens from cadavers of 16 sudden deaths of young men were used as controls. The expressions of RhoA and Rock were detected in 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens and 16 normal prostate controls by immunohistochemistry S- P method. Results The positive rates of RhoA and Rock expression were 85. 0% and 90. 0%,respectively,in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues,but 25. 0% and 23. 8% in normal prostate controls（ P ＜0. 05）. Correlation analysis showed that RhoA protein level was positively correlated with Rock（ P ＜ 0. 01）,and positively correlated with international prostate symptom score,and overactive bladder symptom score（ P ＜ 0. 05 for all）. Conclusion The expressions of RhoA and Rock protein in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues are significantly higher than that in normal prostate tissues and are correlated with clinical symptoms.