Abstract: Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and practice（ KAP） about hepatitis B prevention among residents in rural areas of Shandong province,and to provide scientific evidences for health education. Methods Two counties with good economic status were selected in Shandong province. Three towns were selected randomly from each county and 5 897 residents aged 15- 59 years were recruited randomly from each town. All participants were interviewed using a uniform questionnaire. Results The awareness rates for possible infection due to sharing toothbrush or shaver with hepatitis B patients,mother to child transmission,and possible infection due to using inadequate disinfection equipment were 78. 23%,76. 99%,and 68. 82%. There were 93. 16% of the participants reporting the willingness to get knowledge about hepatitis B prevention,and 85. 88% of the participants considering TV as the most favorite propaganda way. Hepatitis B discrimination existed in up to 73. 78% of the participants. Among the participants,74. 20% agreed with adults receiving hepatitis B vaccination,but only 45. 75% of them had history of hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusion Although having a high demand for hepatitis B prevention knowledge,the rural residents are still lack of knowledge for hepatitis B prevention and their practice for hepatitis prevention should be improved in Shandong province. Public education on hepatitis B prevention should be strengthened in rural areas in Shandong province.