Abstract: Objective To systemically analyze the serological characteristics of hepatitis B virus（ HBV） infection in the general population and preliminarily assess the effectiveness of immunization strategy of hepatitis B vaccine in Shanghai. Methods We enrolled 2 835 residents from 30 communities with multistage stratified random sampling method and principle of informed consent. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to detect serum samples. We used descriptive statistics tools to estimate standardized seroprevalence rate of HBV and analyze the epidemic distribution of HBV infection,vaccination rate and its related factors in Shanghai. Results The age standardized positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen（ HBsAg）,antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen（ anti-HBs）,and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen（ anti-HBc） in Shanghai were 6. 86%,42. 82%,and 21. 33%,respectively,which had magnificent relationship with age,sex,occupation,living residence,and vaccination history. The seroprevalence rate of anti-HBc in the males was16. 77%,which was significantly higher than that of the females（ 19. 22%,χ2= 2. 85; P ＜ 0. 05）. The seroprevalence rate of HBsAg of urban population was 4. 99%,which was lower than that of rural population（ 7. 04%,χ2= 5. 21; P ＜ 0. 05）.The rate of anti-HBc in rural population was 20. 25% and was higher than that of urban population（ 16. 15%）,with statistical significance（ χ2= 8. 02,P ＜ 0. 001）. The seroprevalence rate of HBsAg for health care workers was 22. 22%and the rate of anti-HBc for food service personnel was 27. 78%. Additionally,the vaccination rate of community residents decreased significantly with age（ trend χ2= 65. 96,P ＜ 0. 001）. Conclusion The protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine is efficient in community residents in Shanghai. However,the situation of antibody attenuation and HBV vaccination in high risk population should be intensely concerned among community population in Shanghai.