Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence and influential factors human immunodeficiency virus（ HIV） infection among people participating premarital physical examination in 2011 in Dehong prefecture. Methods All people participating in premarital physical examination in 2011 were interviewed with a questionnaire and tested for HIV. Totally22 780 persons were involved in the survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the influencing factors. Results In 2011,the median age of the people participating premarital physical examination was 28 years,and 51. 10% were male,5. 77% were from foreign countries. Among the participants,42. 41% had pre-marital sexual behaviors,0. 13% had history of drug injection. There were 167 HIV-positive participants identified,with a HIV prevalence rate of 0. 73%. According to the result of multivariate logistic regression,age,transnational marriage,race,education,living area,and drug use were the influencing factors of HIV infection（ P ＜ 0. 05）. Conclusion The HIV prevalence among premarital health examinees in 2011 was at a high level and some examinees had HIV-related high risk behaviors and those with transnational marriage were at higher risk of HIV infection.