Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of schizophrenia among the residents aged more than 15 years in urban and rural areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Methods From July through December, 2007,18 219 residents aged more than 15 years were randomly selected from 6 cities and 10 counties with stratified multistage cluster sampling.All subjects were investigated with a face-to-face interview.The Chinese version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI 3.0)provided by the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was used as the screening tool and the diagnoses were made with the 10th edition of International Classfication of Disease.Results The current and standerdized prevalence of schizophrenia in the residents were 8.29‰ and 8.32‰.The current and standerdized lifetime prevalence of the diseasee were 9.77‰ and 9.90‰.There were siginficant differences in current prevalence of the disease among the residents of different age(χ²=15.458,P=0.017),education(χ²=8.545,P<0.001),and marital status (χ²=75.518,P<0.001).There were also significant differences in lifetime prevalence of the disease among the residents of different age(χ²=26.293,P<0.001),edcucation(χ²=11.614,P=0.009),and marital status(χ²=86.947, P<0.001).There were no significant differences in current and lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia between the residents of different gender,nationality,and living area(PM>0.05 for all).Conclusion The prevalence of schizophrenia in Guangxi is higher than other areas of China.And the prevalence and distribution of schizophrenia are associated with age,educational level,and marriage status.