Abstract: Objective To understand smoking situation and the relationship between smoking behavior and selfesteem,personality among high school students and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of smoking behavior.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 691 high school students in grade ten and grade twelve from 4 schools in Xi'an city.The relationship between smoking behavior and personality was investigated.Results The smoking rate was 39.8% in the students(86.9% for male and 13.1% for female),with a significant gender difference.Self-esteem, nerves and neuroticism were related to smoking among the male and smoking was related to self-esteem among the female.Conclusion Smoking behavior is closely related to self-esteem and personality factors among high school students.