河南省青少年物质成瘾行为现况及影响因素分析

李凤娟; 孙经; 何健; 杨汴生; 王旭

doi:10.11847/zgggws1113661

河南省青少年物质成瘾行为现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of risk behaviors related to addictive substance abuse among adolescents in Henan province

摘要

摘要:
目的了解河南省青少年物质成瘾行为流行状况及其影响因素。
方法通过分层随机抽样的方法，抽取河南省初中、高中、大学青少年共33 039人进行问卷调查。
结果 2013年河南省青少年现在吸烟率为11.4 %，现在饮酒率为30.1 %，成瘾药物滥用率为0.5 %，镇静药物滥用率为7.6 %；男生吸烟、饮酒、成瘾药物及镇静药物滥用率等各项研究指标均高于女生（P < 0.05）；男生（OR = 10.714，95 % CI = 9.603～11.954；OR = 2.530，95 % CI = 2.402～2.666）、学习成绩差（OR = 1.232，95 % CI = 1.176～1.291；OR = 1.095，95 % CI = 1.061～1.130）、高年龄段（OR = 1.147，95 % CI = 1.059～1.241；OR = 1.135，95 % CI = 1.077～1.197）、高学段（OR = 1.715，95 % CI = 1.550～1.897；OR = 1.422，95 % CI = 1.329～1.522）、抑郁（OR = 1.771，95 % CI = 1.600～1.962；OR = 1.370，95 % CI = 1.270～1.478）、孤独（OR = 1.316，95 % CI = 1.183～1.464；OR = 1.253，95 % CI = 1.159～1.355）和焦虑感（OR = 1.925，95 % CI = 1.716～2.161；OR = 1.691，95 % CI = 1.551～1.844）是青少年现在吸烟、现在饮酒的危险因素；居住在城市（OR = 0.675，95 % CI = 0.624～0.730；OR = 0.685，95 % CI = 0.650～0.722）是青少年现在吸烟和现在饮酒的保护因素；母亲文化程度（OR = 0.954，95% CI = 0.925～0.984）是青少年现在吸烟的保护因素；学习压力感（OR = 1.285，95 % CI = 1.208～1.367）是青少年现在饮酒的危险因素。
结论河南省青少年物质成瘾行为不容忽视，应早期、多角度，采取综合管理措施，预防和减少其发生。

Abstract:
Objective To examine the prevalence and associated factors of addictive substance abuse among adolescents in Henan province.
Methods Totally 33 039 junior and senior high school students and college students in Henan province were selected with stratified random cluster sampling and a questionnaire survey was carried out among the students in December 2013.
Results Among the students, the prevalence rate of smoking was 11.4%; the rate of current alcohol drinking was 30.1%; the addictive drug abuse rate was 0.5%; and the rate of sedative drug abuse rate was 7.6%. The rates of smoking, alcohol drinking, additive drug abuse, and sedative drug abuse were higher among the boy students than among the girl students. The risk factors of current smoking and current alcohol drinking included male gender (odds ratio OR = 10.714, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 9.603 – 11.954 for current smoking; OR = 2.530, 95% CI: 2.402 – 2.666 for current alcohol drinking), poor academic achievement (OR = 1.232, 95% CI: 1.176 – 1.291; OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.061 – 1.130), at elder age (OR = 1.147, 95% CI: 1.059 – 1.241; OR = 1.135, 95% CI: 1.077 – 1.197), in high school grade (OR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.550 – 1.897; OR = 1.422, 95% CI: 1.329 – 1.522), depression (OR = 1.771, 95% CI: 1.600 – 1.962; OR = 1.370, 95% CI = 1.270 – 1.478), anxiety (OR = 1.925, 95% CI: 1.716 – 2.161; OR = 1.691, 95% CI: 1.551 – 1.844), and loneliness (OR = 1.316, 95% CI: 1.183 – 1.464; OR = 1.253, 95% CI: 1.159 – 1.355); studying-related stress was a risk factor for current alcohol drinking (OR = 1.285, 95% CI: 1.208 – 1.367). Living in urban areas was a protective factor against current smoking and alcohol drinking (OR = 0.675, 95% CI: 0.624 – 0.730; OR = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.650 – 0.722); higher maternal education level was a protective factor for current alcohol drinking (OR = 0.954, 95% CI: 0.925 – 0.984).
Conclusion The prevalence of risk behaviors related to addictive substance abuse among adolescent students in Henan province should be concerned and early comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and reduce the occurrence of the risk behaviors among the adolescents.

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