Abstract: Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA molecules obtained with systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The detection method based on aptamers draws extensive attentions and applications in the field of mycotoxin detection due to many obvious advantages such as high specificity, good stability and easy modification. This article describes the latest progress of aptamer utilization in mycotoxin detection and proposes the existing problems and development trend based on the conventional detection method.