Abstract: With the development of high throughput technology, metagenome research comes into people′s horizon and more and more people begin to pay close attention on the relationship between metagenome and health issues. There are a lot of biological communities around our life. Metagenomic studies, including DNA sequence analysis and construct of metagenomic DNA library, are to better understand the composition of the microbes in our surrounding environment, the interaction between each other and their impact on human′s health. The studies could be of significant importance on the health promotion and disease prevention. In this review, we retrospectively summarize the history of gene sequencing and the current macro genomics research related to human health.