Abstract: From the perspective of the overall system of system construction, this paper firstly introduces the connotation and elements of the construction of modern public health physician system, and analyzes the policy obstacles to the construction of modern public health physicians system in China. From the perspectives of policy consideration, policy design and policy implementation, we put forward specific ideas and countermeasures for system construction, including creating a public opinion environment suitable for the construction of modern public health physicians system, optimizing the system of education and training, improving the access system of modern public health physicians, and strictly implementing the examination of public health physicians system and registration system as well as deepening the performance pay reform of public health physicians.