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社区健身资源可及性与老年人健康状况相关性

Correlation between accessibility of community fitness resources and health condition of community elderly in China

  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨社区健身资源可及性与社区老年人健康状况之间的相关性,为社区健康资源合理配置,提高老年人健康水平提供依据。
    方法 采用多阶层混合抽样方法,在全国东部、中部和西部分别抽取一个省份,每个省份分别抽取2个城市,每个城市采用简单随机抽样选取社区,共选出调查对象1 311人;以问卷调查方式采集数据,分析社区健身资源可及性与社区老年人健康状况之间的相关性。
    结果 调查对象日常生活能力(ADL)得分为(98.70 ± 6.37)分,具有完全独立生活能力的老年人占92.4 %;锻炼地点与老年人ADL得分、生理功能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、一般健康(GH)、情感职能(RE)、社会功能(SF)、精力(VT)、精神健康(MH)得分相关(P < 0.01);空地面积与老年人ADL得分、生理功能、生理职能、情感职能、社会功能、精力、精神健康得分相关(P < 0.05);社区健身设施总数量与老年人ADL得分、躯体疼痛、情感职能、社会功能、精力、精神健康得分相关(P < 0.05);社区健身设施种类与老年人ADL得分、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能得分相关(P < 0.05)。
    结论 随着锻炼距离、空地面积、社区健身设施总数量及社区健身设施种类的增加,社区老年人健康状况变好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the correlation between the accessibility of community fitness resources and the health condition of community elderly and to provide evidences for rational allocation of community health resources and health promotion in the elderly.
    Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 1 311 more than 60 years old residents selected from 42 communities of 6 cities in 3 provinces in eastern, central, and western China using multistage mixed sampling. Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were adopted to assess the health status of the participants.
    Results The mean ADL score for all the participants was 98.70 ± 6.37 and 92.4% of the participants reported the ability to live completely independently. The place of daily sport was correlated with ADL score and scores of SF-36 domains, including physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), role-emotional (RE),social functioning (SF), vitality (VT), and mental health (MH) (P < 0.01 for all); the area for active recreation in a community was correlated with ADL score and SF-36 domain scores of PF, RP, RE, SF, VT, and MH (all P < 0.05); the total number of fitness facilities in a community was correlated with ADL score and SF-36 domain scores of BP, RE, SF, VT, and MH (all P < 0.05); and the category number of community fitness facilities was correlated with ADL score and SF-36 domain scores of the PF, RP, BP, and RE (P < 0.05 for all).
    Conclusion The distance to a daily sport place and community-based area for active recreation, total amount, and total category number of fitness facilities are positively correlated with health status of the community elderly.

     

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