Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) is the pathogen of a number of common diseases, ranging from serious diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia to milder but common infections such as sinusitis and otitis media. Sp is the main pathogen of deaths among infants and adults around the world. We summarize the burden of disease caused by Sp in China for providing evidences to developing immunization strategy and health economic evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine.