Psychological state and job stability among staff in centers for disease prevention and control during COVID-19 epidemic
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摘要:
目的 探讨在新冠肺炎疫情期间疾病预防控制中心(以下简称疾控)工作人员的心理状态与职业稳定性。 方法 于2020年2月26日 — 3月2日,采用方便抽样法和滚雪球抽样法,调查中国各级疾病预防控制中心405名工作人员的心理状态和职业稳定情况。 结果 共回收405份有效问卷,被调查者的平均工龄为(13.40 ± 10.14)年,疫情期间平均每日工作时长为(9.56 ± 3.30)h。多因素分析显示,职业奉献和组织支持感越高、情绪耗竭感越低,职业自我概念就越强。不同工龄工作人员的职业稳定性影响因素不一样。担心感染程度(β = – 0.14,P = 0.034)仅是低工龄职工(工龄 < 10年)职业稳定性的影响因素。在工龄为10~19年的疾控人员中,组织支持感越强(β = 0.35,P < 0.001),职业稳定性越高。在工龄 ≥ 20年的工作人员中,职业奉献越低(β = 0.28,P = 0.002)、情绪耗竭感越严重(β = – 0.23,P = 0.008),职业稳定性越低,且女性的职业稳定性高于男性。 结论 新冠肺炎期间,疾控工作人员的情绪耗竭、组织支持感与职业奉献感等是影响职业自我概念及职业稳定性的主要因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate psychological status and occupational stability among staff in centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) during conronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods With convenient sampling and snowball sampling, we recruited 405 staff in CDCs at various levels for an online anonymous survey during COVID-19 epidemic (from February 26 to March, 2020). A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the staff′s psychological status and occupational stability. Results Valid information were collected from 98.78% (405) of the staff. The participants′ average working years was 13.40 ± 10.14 and the average working hours per day during the epidemic period were 9.56 ± 3.30. Multivariate analysis indicated that job dedication and perceived organizational support were associated positively with occupational self-concept but reversely with emotional exhaustion. The participants′ job stability differed by their working years. Worrying about infection was an independent factor affecting the occupational stability (β = – 0.14, P = 0.034) only among the participants with service durations less than 10 years; among the participants with 10 – 19 years of working, the perceived organizational support was positively correlated with job stability (β = 0.35, P < 0.001); while for the participants with at least 20 years of service, the occupational stability was associated positively with occupational dedication (β = 0.28, P = 0.002) but reversely with emotional exhaustion (β = – 0.23, P = 0.008) and those correlations were more stronger among the female participants than among the male participants. Conclusion Emotional exhaustion, perceived organizational support and dedication are main factors affecting occupational self-concept and occupational stability among staff in CDCs during COVID-19 epidemic. -
表 1 不同工龄工作人员各变量得分比较(分,
$ {\bar x} \pm s$ )变量 得分 工龄 F 值 P 值 < 10年 10~19年 ≥ 20年 情绪耗竭 15.79 ± 4.70 16.11 ± 4.89 15.56 ± 4.63 15.53 ± 4.55 0.699 0.498 职业奉献 19.13 ± 3.58 19.04 ± 3.72 18.92 ± 3.51 19.47 ± 3.42 0.815 0.444 组织支持感 18.26 ± 4.44 18.66 ± 4.13 17.59 ± 4.98 18.22 ± 4.32 1.879 0.154 职业自我概念 21.91 ± 5.70 21.66 ± 5.39 21.42 ± 5.93 22.61 ± 5.91 1.522 0.220 职业稳定性 8.69 ± 2.45 8.28 ± 2.68 8.88 ± 2.30 9.08 ± 2.15 4.489 0.012 日工作时长 9.56 ± 3.30 10.04 ± 3.56 9.56 ± 3.43 8.96 ± 2.65 3.912 0.021 担心感染程度 5.01 ± 2.80 5.27 ± 2.77 5.10 ± 2.84 4.59 ± 2.78 2.277 0.104 表 2 各变量间的Pearson相关系数
变量 情绪耗竭 职业奉献 组织支持感 职业自我概念 工龄 日工作时长 担心感染程度 情绪耗竭 1.00 职业奉献 – 0.06 1.00 组织支持感 – 0.27 a 0.16 a 1.00 职业自我概念 – 0.30 a 0.44 a 0.45 a 1.00 工龄 – 0.07 0.05 – 0.22 0.09 1.00 日工作时长 0.20 a 0.11 b – 0.06 – 0.06 – 0.15 a 1.00 担心感染程度 0.29 a – 0.07 – 0.19 a – 0.21 a – 0.05 0.01 1.00 注:a P < 0.01,b P < 0.05。 表 3 职业自我概念和职业稳定性影响因素的多重线性回归分析
自变量 职业自我概念 职业稳定性 β t 值 P 值 β t 值 P 值 职业奉献 0.39 9.74 < 0.001 0.27 5.89 < 0.001 情绪耗竭 – 0.18 – 4.44 < 0.001 – 0.14 – 2.82 0.005 组织支持感 0.32 7.71 < 0.001 0.13 2.66 0.008 工作时长 – 0.05 – 1.27 0.205 – 0.07 – 1.49 0.137 担心感染程度 – 0.73 – 1.75 0.081 – 0.12 – 2.54 0.011 工龄 0.06 1.57 0.118 0.13 2.88 0.004 男性 – 0.04 – 0.94 0.348 – 0.07 – 1.49 0.137 年龄 – 0.01 – 0.03 0.976 0.04 0.40 0.692 表 4 不同工龄人群职业稳定性影响因素多重线性回归分析
自变量 工龄 < 10年 10~19年 工龄 ≥ 20年 β t 值 P 值 β t 值 P 值 β t 值 P 值 职业奉献 0.43 6.38 < 0.001 0.01 0.13 0.9 0.28 3.23 0.002 情绪耗竭 – 0.11 – 1.62 0.107 – 0.02 – 0.15 0.88 – 0.23 – 2.68 0.008 组织支持感 0.21 3.06 0.003 0.35 3.77 < 0.001 – 0.15 – 1.73 0.085 工作时长 – 0.08 – 1.16 0.248 0.06 0.67 0.503 – 0.11 – 1.17 0.246 担心感染程度 – 0.14 – 2.14 0.034 – 0.13 – 1.43 0.157 – 0.11 – 1.31 0.195 工龄 0.07 1.13 0.258 – 0.07 – 0.71 0.482 0.12 1.41 0.162 男性 0.001 0.01 0.989 – 0.07 – 0.78 0.440 – 0.17 – 2.02 0.046 年龄 0.04 0.57 0.570 0.04 0.39 0.694 0.05 0.54 0.592 -
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