北京和广州市青年人体型认知现状分析

闫心语; 李雍; 郭雯; 张娜; 黎牧夏; 周明珠; 马冠生

doi:10.11847/zgggws1131819

北京和广州市青年人体型认知现状分析

doi: 10.11847/zgggws1131819

北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室，北京 100191

详细信息

作者简介:
闫心语（1994 –），女，山东济宁人，硕士，研究方向：身体意象，营养与慢性病

通讯作者:
马冠生，E-mail：mags@bjmu.edu，cn

中图分类号: R 151.4⁺2
计量
- 文章访问数: 563
- HTML全文浏览量: 174
- PDF下载量: 128
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 接收日期: 2020-07-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-13
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-01

Body image perception among 316 young adults: a cross-sectional analysis in Beijing and Guangzhou

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解青年人体型认知现状，为肥胖防控工作提供科学依据。方法 2019年5 — 8月，通过广告招募北京市和广州市的316名18～44岁青年人，使用青年人身体意象图像调查青年人的自我体型认知、理想体型认知、自我体型评价和标准体型认知现状，并测量调查对象的身高、体重、腰围和臀围。结果调查对象对自我体型、理想体型认知的平均得分为（4.25 ± 1.69）和（3.15 ± 1.23）分。调查对象自我体型认知评分消瘦组 < 正常体重组 < 超重组 < 肥胖组，教育程度中学及以下 < 大学及以上（P < 0.05）。理想体型认知评分消瘦组 < 肥胖组，正常体重组 < 超重组 < 肥胖组（P < 0.05）。13.9 %的调查对象对自我体型完全满意，对体型稍微不满意和中等程度不满意的调查对象分别占32.0 %和54.1 %。调查对象的体型不满意评分消瘦组 < 正常体重组 < 超重组 < 肥胖组，≤ 34岁组 < 35～39岁组（P < 0.05）。体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、腰臀比与自我体型认知评分与体型不满意评分呈正相关，r = 0.185～0.630（P < 0.01）。结论青年人体型认知与体型和教育程度相关，多数青年人对自己的体型不满意，需从青年人体型认知方面采取适当的干预措施，预防和控制成年期肥胖。
- 体型 /
- 认知 /
- 态度 /
- 青年人
Abstract: Objective To investigate body image perceptions among young adults and to provide evidences for developing intervention measures towards obesity. Methods With advertisements in Beijing and Guangzhou city, we recruited 316 volunteers aged 18 – 44 years for a survey conducted from May to August, 2019. The body image stimuli were used to assess participants′ perceptual body image, ideal body image, body dissatisfaction and standard body image. Meanwhile, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of the participants were measured. Results The participants′ mean scores for perceptual and ideal body image were 4.25 and 3.15, respectively. In terms of body weight, the participants with underweight had the lowest mean perceptual body image score, followed by those with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05); the mean perceptual body image score of the participants with the education of middle school and lower was significantly lower than that of participants with college and above education (P < 0.05); the mean ideal body score also differed significantly by participants′ body weight, the score of the participants with underweight was lower than those with obesity; the participants with normal weight had relatively lower score, followed by the scores for those of overweight and obesity (P < 0.05). Of the participants, only 13.9% were completely satisfied with their body size; but 54.1% and 32.0% were moderately and slightly dissatisfied with their body size. The participants′ mean body dissatisfaction scores varied with their body weight in an ascending order of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity; the mean body dissatisfaction score of the younger participants (≤ 35 years) was significantly lower than that of the participants aged 35 – 39 years (P < 0.05). Significantly positive associations of body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with perceptual body image score and body dissatisfaction score were observed, with the correlation coefficients ranging between 0.185 − 0.630 (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Among young adults in two Chinese cities, the body image perception is related to somatotype and educational level and most of the young adults are dissatisfied with their body size, suggesting that appropriate intervention measures should be taken for the prevention and control adulthood obesity in the population.
- somatotype /
- perception /
- attitude /
- young adults

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表 1 不同人口特征调查对象自我体型评分比较（%）

特征	类别	消瘦			正常体重	超重	肥胖			平均分（$\bar x \pm s$）
特征	类别	重度	中度	轻度	正常体重	超重	轻度	中度	重度	平均分（$\bar x \pm s$）
地区	北京	6.8	9.1	12.9	18.2	28.8	15.9	5.3	3.0	4.37 ± 1.70
	广州	8.2	11.4	12.0	23.4	22.8	15.8	4.9	1.6	4.16 ± 1.69
年龄（岁）	≤ 34	8.4	16.8	13.1	25.2	18.7	8.4	6.5	2.8	3.94 ± 1.77
	35～39	4.0	10.1	9.1	19.2	23.2	26.3	7.1	1.0	4.60 ± 1.62 ^a
	40～44	10.0	4.5	14.5	19.1	33.6	13.6	1.8	2.7	4.24 ± 1.64 ^a
体型	消瘦	40.9	18.2	18.2	22.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.23 ± 1.23
	正常	5.5	13.4	14.7	25.8	25.8	12.4	1.4	0.9	4.00 ± 1.49 ^a
	超重	3.6	0.0	5.4	10.7	39.3	25.0	12.5	3.6	5.25 ± 1.39 ^a
	肥胖	4.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.5	42.9	28.6	14.3	6.24 ± 1.48 ^a
教育程度	中学及以下	11.0	11.0	11.9	28.4	18.3	14.7	4.6	0.0	3.95 ± 1.66
	大学及以上	5.8	10.1	12.6	17.4	29.0	16.4	5.3	3.4	4.41 ± 1.69 ^a
合计		7.6	10.4	12.3	21.2	25.3	15.8	5.1	2.2	4.25 ± 1.69
注：相同人口特征不同类别比较，a P < 0.05。

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表 2 不同人口特征调查对象理想体型评分比较（%）

特征	类别	消瘦			正常体重	超重	肥胖		平均分（$\bar x \pm s$）
特征	类别	重度	中度	轻度	正常体重	超重	轻度	中度	平均分（$\bar x \pm s$）
地区	北京	6.8	28.0	31.1	25.8	6.1	1.5	0.8	3.04 ± 1.49
	广州	7.1	24.5	27.2	27.2	8.7	4.9	0.5	3.23 ± 1.28
年龄（岁）	≤ 34	5.6	29.0	25.2	26.2	9.3	4.7	0.0	3.19 ± 1.24
	35～39	6.1	24.2	34.3	26.3	6.1	2.0	1.0	3.12 ± 1.15
	40～44	9.1	24.5	27.3	27.3	7.3	3.6	0.9	3.14 ± 1.28
体型	消瘦	4.5	27.3	18.2	45.5	4.5	0.0	0.0	3.18 ± 1.05 ^a
	正常	8.3	28.6	31.8	24.0	4.6	2.8	0.0	2.96 ± 1.14
	超重	3.6	23.2	25.0	25.0	19.6	1.8	1.8	3.46 ± 1.29 ^a
	肥胖	4.8	4.8	19.0	38.1	9.5	19.0	4.8	4.19 ± 1.47 ^a
教育程度	中学及以下	9.2	31.2	23.9	26.6	6.4	1.8	0.9	2.99 ± 1.24
	大学及以上	5.8	23.2	31.4	26.6	8.2	4.3	0.5	3.23 ± 1.22
合计		7.0	25.9	28.8	26.6	7.6	3.5	0.6	3.15 ± 1.23
注：相同人口特征不同类别比较，a P < 0.05。

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表 3 不同人口特征调查对象对标准身材认知评分比较（分，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

特征	类别	标准身材男性	标准身材女性
地区	北京	4.77 ± 0.98	2.92 ± 0.93
	广州	4.73 ± 1.01	3.11 ± 1.08
年龄（岁）	≤ 34	4.85 ± 0.95	2.85 ± 0.94
	35～39	4.61 ± 1.07	3.12 ± 1.05 ^a
	40～44	4.77 ± 0.97	3.13 ± 1.07 ^a
体型	消瘦	4.73 ± 0.77	3.09 ± 1.06
	正常	4.74 ± 1.00	3.00 ± 0.99
	超重	4.63 ± 1.05	2.96 ± 0.95
	肥胖	5.19 ± 0.98	3.48 ± 1.47
教育程度	中学及以下	4.75 ± 0.94	2.98 ± 1.05
	大学及以上	4.74 ± 1.03	3.06 ± 1.01
合计		4.75 ± 1.00	3.03 ± 1.03
注：相同人口特征不同类别比较，a P < 0.05。

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