Indoor radon concentration and its influencing factors in newly decorated houses and offices in Shenyang city
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摘要:
目的 了解沈阳市改装场所室内氡污染水平，分析其可能影响因素，为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。 方法 选择沈阳市2017年建成的734处改装场所，检测其室内氡浓度，分析各种改装因素与氡浓度之间的关系。 结果 与住宅（n = 581）相比，办公场所室（n = 153）内氡浓度较高[（69.285 ± 7.128）vs.（75.822 ± 4.090）Bq/m3，P < 0.05]；室内场所氡浓度最主要影响因素为层高；住宅室内氡浓度影响因素包括墙面使用大白、距主干道距离；办公场所室内氡浓度影响因素有墙面使用大白、使用地板、理石和地胶。 结论 应针对室内氡浓度相关影响因素制定科学防控措施，以控制其暴露水平。 Abstract:Objective To examine indoor radon pollution and its associates in houses and offices with recent interior decoration in Shenyang city of Liaoning province and to provide evidence for developing targeted control measures against the pollution. Methods From Shenyang Construction Engineering Quality Testing Center, we collected the data on indoor radon detections for 581 houses and 151 offices after recent interior decoration in 25 buildings in Shenyang city during 2017. The concentrations of radon were described and the relationship between the indoor radon and decoration conditions was analyzed statistically. Results The mean indoor radon concentration of the offices was significantly higher than that of the houses (75.822 ± 4.090 vs. 69.285 ± 7.128 Bq/m3, P < 0.05). The most important influencing factor of room-specific radon concentration is the floor number of the room located on. The major influencing factors of indoor radon concentration for houses included whether the white powder (mainly consisted of calcium carbonate, cellulose and white latex) being used for interior wall decoration and the distance from a main road; in addition to whether the white powder being used for interior wall decoration, the indoor radon concentration of an office also influenced by the utilization of floor, marble tile, and polyvinyl chloride floor covering. Conclusion Decoration-related factors need to be concerned for the prevention and control of indoor radon pollution in houses and offices. -
Key words:
- interior decoration /
- indoor air pollution /
- radon /
- decoration
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表 1 不同室内外条件下住宅室内氡浓度比较（Bq/m3）
室内外条件 类别 $\bar x$ ± s U 值 P 值 距主干道距离（km） < 1 71.024 ± 5.742 94.660 < 0.001 1～3 66.265 ± 7.835 > 3 73.259 ± 3.428 楼层高度（层） 1～3 78.233 ± 0.896 2.699 0.042 4～6 75.615 ± 0.863 7～9 73.144 ± 1.268 ≥ 10 64.475 ± 5.845 顶棚材料 无 71.637 ± 4.919 70.98 < 0.001 石膏板 64.703 ± 7.616 铝扣板 69.054 ± 8.006 壁柜 无 71.752 ± 4.764 – 6.54 < 0.001 有 67.104 ± 8.117 地面材料 无 71.666 ± 4.969 81.04 < 0.001 地板 69.305 ± 7.793 地砖 64.937 ± 7.567 墙面材料 水泥砂浆 73.521 ± 2.583 79.52 < 0.001 壁纸 69.174 ± 7.793 大白 70.662 ± 5.605 墙砖 64.702 ± 7.610 家具 无 72.144 ± 4.767 – 8.92 < 0.001 有 66.263 ± 7.937 
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表 2 不同室内外条件下办公场所氡浓度比较（Bq/m3）
室内外条件 类别 $\bar x \pm s$ U 值 P 值 距主干道距离（km） < 1 76.360 ± 2.618 47.006 < 0.001 1～3 73.535 ± 4.503 > 3 79.549 ± 2.016 楼层高度（层） 1～3 78.087 ± 2.490 95.252 < 0.001 4～6 75.417 ± 1.313 7～9 73.496 ± 1.359 ≥ 10 67.674 ± 1.941 顶棚材料 无 75.052 ± 4.889 6.443 0.226 石膏板 76.283 ± 2.176 乳胶漆 74.844 ± 2.278 矿棉板 77.247 ± 2.833 大白 75.336 ± 3.598 铝塑板 78.172 ± 0.978 壁柜 无 75.902 ± 4.418 2.610 0.246 有 75.408 ± 1.483 地面材料 无 74.934 ± 5.040 2.641 0.850 地板 76.205 ± 3.091 地砖 76.386 ± 2.463 地胶 77.086 ± 1.449 理石 77.060 ± 0.933 地毯 77.283 ± 3.130 墙面材料 大白 74.857 ± 4.324 26.255 0.001 水泥砂浆 81.208 ± 0.735 家具 无 75.703 ± 4.262 0.893 0.373 有 76.669 ± 2.505
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表 3 室内氡浓度影响因素多元线性回归分析
因变量 影响因素 β 95 % CI P 值 住宅 距主干道1 km – 1.943 – 3.877～– 0.008 0.049 低层 13.520 12.498～14.542 < 0.001 多层 10.797 9.861～11.732 < 0.001 中高层 7.916 6.986～8.847 < 0.001 墙面大白 – 2.915 – 5.489～– 0.341 0.027 办公场所 低层 – 2.230 – 3.013～– 1.448 < 0.001 多层 – 5.566 – 6.472～– 4.661 < 0.001 中高层 – 10.142 – 11.096～– 9.188 < 0.001 顶棚大白 – 7.549 – 11.637～– 3.462 < 0.001 地面地板 – 4.789 – 7.932～– 1.645 0.003 地面地胶 – 2.401 – 4.571～– 0.230 0.030 墙面理石 6.554 1.609～11.498 0.010
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