Variation and prevalence characteristics of influenza in Giuzhou province, 2011 – 2021
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摘要:
目的 分析贵州省2011 — 2021年流感的流行病学特征,揭示流感病毒的流行特点及变异规律,为流感病毒的防控提供科学依据。 方法 采集2011 — 2021年全省13家流感监测哨点医院发热/内科、儿科门诊流感样病例(ILI),通过RT-PCR检测,以流感监测年度为周期进行数据统计分析。 结果 共采集ILI标本135537例,总阳性率为16.73 %(22 676例)。检出阳性率最高为H3N2亚型(34.3 %),最低为BY系(13.69 %),各亚型均引起过不同程度流行,且交替共存。呈冬春季和夏季2个流行高峰特征;女性阳性率略高于男性;人群主要集中在5~24岁年龄段,各亚型主要感染的对象有所不同;各监测年度间阳性率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 贵州省流感呈周期性流行,且各亚型交替或共存呈优势株流行。多发于冬春季和夏季,青少年是防控的重点,各地区阳性率差异有统计学意义。应加强监测并及时分析病毒变异情况。 Abstract:Objective To analyze prevalence characteristics and variation trend of influenza in Guizhou province during 2011– 2021 and to provide evidences for influenza prevention and control. Methods Throat swab specimens were collected from influenza-like illness (ILI) cases at fever/internal medicine and pediatric clinics of 13 national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals in Guizhou province during 2011 – 2021 and detected with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was conducted on the basis of annual influenza seasons. Results Of the 135 537 specimens detected during the 10-year period, 16.73% (22 676) were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid. Among the positive specimens, the detection rate was the highest (34.3%) for subtype of H3N2 and the lowest (13.69%) for subtype of BY. Various viral subtypes were prevalent alternately during the period. Two prevalence peaks of influenza virus infection in winter-spring season and in summer season were observed, with slightly more infectious cases among females than among males and more cases among the people aged 5 – 24 years. There was a subtype-specific difference in the susceptibility of influenza virus in various populations and there was a significant difference in annual positive rate for the specimens detected. Conclusion During 2011 – 2021 in Guizhou province, influenza was prevalence periodically with alternative prevalent viral subtypes; more influenza infections occurred in winter-spring and in summer seasons, especially among young people. The results suggest that surveillance and analysis on viral strain variation timely should be strengthened. -
Key words:
- influenza virus /
- influenza-like illness /
- prevalence characteristics /
- variation trend
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表 1 2011 — 2021年贵州省流感病毒核酸检测结果
年度 ILI(例) 阳性数(例) 阳性率(%) 甲型流感病毒(例) 乙型流感病毒(例) 混合型(例) 甲型H1N1 H3N2亚型 H7N9禽流感 H9N2禽流感 BV系 BY系 新甲H1N1 季节H1N1 2011 — 2012 6537 861 13.17 1 4 279 0 0 488 0 89 2012 — 2013 6517 745 11.43 324 0 349 0 0 28 27 17 2013 — 2014 13695 1958 14.29 828 3 329 1 0 2 700 54 2014 — 2015 14563 1700 11.67 16 0 1499 2 0 4 162 38 2015 — 2016 15112 2967 19.63 157 0 1126 0 0 984 686 27 2016 — 2017 15233 2067 13.57 211 0 1388 11 0 436 24 1 2017 — 2018 17989 5538 30.79 2691 0 828 4 0 512 1470 36 2018 — 2019 15979 2988 18.70 1648 0 978 0 0 301 29 32 2019 — 2020 16067 3453 21.49 101 0 1000 0 0 2329 6 17 2020 — 2021 13845 399 2.88 0 0 0 0 2 397 0 0 合计 135537 22676 16.73 5977 7 7776 18 2 5481 3104 311 表 2 贵州省2011 — 2021年ILI不同年龄人群分布情况
年龄组(岁) ILI(例) 阳性数(例) 阳性率(%) 甲型流感病毒(例) 乙型流感病毒(例) 混合型(例) 甲型H1N1 H3N2亚型 H7N9禽流感 H9N2禽流感 BV系 BY系 新甲H1N1 季节H1N1 < 5 63635 6751 10.56 1993 0 593 0 2 402 149 51 5~14 22583 6571 29.02 1374 2 2171 0 0 2422 1414 88 15~24 16146 3607 22.2 825 3 1943 0 0 1078 607 58 25~59 26204 4866 18.47 1576 2 2203 14 0 1252 620 68 ≥ 60 6969 881 12.2 209 0 866 4 0 327 314 46 合计 135537 22676 16.63 5977 7 7776 18 2 5481 3104 311 表 3 贵州省2011 — 2021年ILI地区分布情况
地区 ILI(例) 阳性数 阳性率(%) 遵义 21746 4252 19.55 黔西南 11284 2060 18.26 黔南州 10272 1592 15.50 黔东南 13020 2785 21.39 安顺 10149 1395 13.75 毕节 9764 1454 14.89 贵阳 38402 5096 13.27 六盘水 10040 1439 14.33 铜仁 10860 2603 23.97 合计 135537 22676 16.73 -
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