Abstract: Since its founding in 1921, the Communist Party of China has been committed to ensuring people′s life and health and developing healthcare undertaking. As a part of the party′s effort, a comprehensive supervision system for the medical and health industry with clear roles and responsibilities, division of labor, coordination, and rational and effective mechanism has basically been established and continuously improved after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In the study, the development of China′s health supervision system over the century under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was reviewed and relevant experience was summarized for promoting reform and improvement of health supervision in the new era.