Associations of parental factors with screen time among preschool-age children: a cross-sectional survey
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摘要:
目的 了解幼儿屏幕时间与父母因素关系,为减少幼儿屏幕时间、提高屏幕时间达标率提供参考。 方法 于2021年5 — 6月,采用方便抽样方法,选取重庆市2区4所幼儿园共1300名3 ~ 6岁幼儿的父母进行屏幕时间评估、网络成瘾量表及父母溺爱迁就问卷调查,以幼儿屏幕时间每天累计 ≤ 1 h为屏幕时间达标,采用logistic回归分析父母因素与幼儿屏幕时间的关系。 结果 回收有效问卷1180份,有效率为90.77%。幼儿屏幕时间达标率为62.3%。不同生源地,父、母学历的幼儿屏幕时间达标率差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.01),城市幼儿达标率(68.2%)高于农村(57.1%),父、母亲学历专科及以上幼儿达标率(68.9%、66.2%)高于父、母学历高中及以下者(56.2%、58.9%)。父亲学历高中及以下(OR = 1.744,95%CI = 1.278~2.463),父、母屏幕时间长(OR = 1.229,95%CI = 1.126~1.340;OR = 1.104,95%CI = 1.026~1.187)的幼儿屏幕时间更易不达标。 结论 父母是减少幼儿屏幕时间的关键,社会和学校应呼吁、督促、引导父母采取措施降低幼儿屏幕时间(控制在每天1 h内),提高幼儿屏幕时间达标率。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between screen time and parental factors among preschool-age children, and to provide a reference for reducing screen time and improving screen time compliance rate in the children. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of 1 300 preschool-age children recruited with convenience sampling from 4 kindergartens in 2 districts of Chongqing municipality during May – June 2021. The screen time of a child was assessed based on separate report of father and mother and the cumulative time of ≤ 1 hour per day was considered as an appropriate screen duration for a child, which was recommended in the Physical Exercise Guideline for 3 – 6 Year Children established by domestic researches. The Internet Addiction Scale and the Parental Indulgence Questionnaire were also used. Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the relationship between parental factors and screen time of preschool-age children. Results Valid responses were collected from the parents of 1 180 (90.77%) of the children selected. Of the children with valid information, 62.3% were reported having the cumulative screen time of ≤ 1 hour per day; the proportion differed significantly by residential region and parental education (both P < 0.01), with the higher proportion of urban children than that of rural children (68.2% vs. 57.1%) and higher proportions of the children with paternal/maternal education of college and above compared to the children with the paternal/maternal education of senior high school and below (68.9% vs. 56.2%/66.2% vs. 58.9%), respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children with following parental characteristics were more likely to have an inappropriate screen time: with the paternal education of senior high school and below (odds ratio [OR] = 1.744, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.278 – 2.463), with a longer paternal screen time (OR = 1.229, 95%CI: 1.126 – 1.340), and with a longer maternal screen time (OR = 1.104, 95%CI: 1.026 – 1.187). Conclusion Parental factors are of significant influence on screen time of preschool-age children. Comprehensive interventions should be promoted to control preschool-age children′s screen time. -
Key words:
- screen time /
- parental factor /
- relationship /
- preschool-age children
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表 1 不同特征幼儿屏幕时间达标率差异
特征 人数 % 屏幕时间达标 χ2 值 P 值 人数 % 性别 男童 625 53.0 385 61.6 0.268 0.605 女童 555 47.0 350 63.1 班级 小班 430 36.4 286 66.5 5.392 0.067 中班 276 23.4 162 58.7 大班 474 40.2 287 60.5 年龄(岁) 3 170 14.4 116 68.2 4.697 0.195 4 378 32.1 236 62.4 5 353 29.9 221 62.6 6 279 23.6 162 58.1 生源地 农村 632 53.6 361 57.1 15.472 0.000 城市 548 46.4 374 68.2 是否独生 独生子女 374 31.7 234 62.6 0.018 0.893 非独生子女 806 68.3 501 62.2 亲密居
住人父母居住 517 43.8 338 65.4 4.869 0.088 祖父母居住 117 9.9 655 5.6 三代人共住 546 46.3 332 60.8 家庭月收
入(元)< 5000 366 31.0 212 57.9 5.023 0.081 5000~10000 544 46.1 344 63.2 > 10000 270 22.9 179 66.3 父母婚姻 良好 1097 93.0 687 62.6 0.755 0.385 离异或分居 83 7.0 485 7.8 父亲学历 高中及以下 614 52.0 345 56.2 20.272 0.000 专科及以上 566 48.0 390 68.9 母亲学历 高中及以下 632 53.6 372 58.9 6.805 0.009 专科及以上 548 46.4 363 66.2 表 2 幼儿屏幕时间达标的多因素logistic回归分析
自变量 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 农村 城市 0.406 0.145 7.860 0.005 1.500 1.130~1.992 父亲高中及以下学历 专科及以上 0.573 0.167 11.748 0.001 1.774 1.278~2.463 父亲屏幕时间 0.206 0.044 21.595 0.000 1.229 1.126~1.340 母亲屏幕时间 0.099 0.037 7.061 0.008 1.104 1.026~1.187 注:父、母屏幕时间为连续变量。 -
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