Abstract: Antibiotics are used to treat diseases in humans and animals. Antibiotic residues in the environment and food can be ingested into human body through exposure via food and drinking water. As a new environmental pollutant, antibiotics residue is closely associated with obesity, which in turn affects human health and poses a threat to public safety. The purpose of the study is to review the progress in researches on antibiotic exposure and its pathways, the relationship between antibiotics and obesity and thus the impact on population health for providing evidences to early intervention on antibiotic exposure among populations.