Association of self-reported craniocerebral trauma with re-offending: a cross-sectional survey among prisoners and detainees
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摘要:
目的 研究颅脑外伤与重新犯罪风险的关系。 方法 利用“重新犯罪问题调查问卷”于2019年8 — 12月在我国13个省（直辖市）78所监狱、未成年管教所或社区矫正中心对8417名犯人进行调查，采用χ2检验、logistic回归分析颅脑外伤史与重新犯罪的关系。 结果 重新犯罪人员自报有颅脑外伤史的占比为14.90%，高于初次犯罪人员的8.55%，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 67.34，P < 0.001）。与无颅脑外伤史人群比，有颅脑外伤史人群重新犯罪风险增加（OR = 1.87，95% CI = 1.61 ～ 2.18），调整年龄、性别、婚姻状况、居住地类型、受教育程度、家庭类型、自报经济状况、父亲和母亲受教育程度后的OR = 1.51（95%CI = 1.28～1.78）。 结论 颅脑外伤与重新犯罪风险增加相关。针对颅脑外伤“早发现、早治疗和早干预”，以及服刑期间犯罪人员颅脑外伤常规筛查和治疗康复，对于预防重新犯罪具有重要意义。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between craniocerebral trauma and the risk of recidivism among prisoners. Methods With multi-stage equidistant sampling and the Re-Offending Questionnaire developed by domestic researchers, a face-to-face survey was conducted among 8 417 prisoners and detainees in 78 prisons, juvenile correctional facilities or community correction centres in 13 provinces and municipalities in China during August – December 2019. The relationship between the history of craniocerebral trauma and recidivism was analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression model. Results Totally 7 502 participants with complete information were included in the analysis. Craniocerebral trauma history was reported by 14.90% of 4 483 re-offenders and the ratio was significantly higher than that (8.55%) reported by the 3 019 first-time offenders (χ2 = 67.34, P < 0.001). Compared to those without craniocerebral trauma history, the participants with craniocerebral trauma history were at an increased risk of recidivism (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.61 – 2.18) and the risk remained significantly higher (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.28 – 1.78) after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, residence region, education level, family type, self-reported economic status, and parental education level. Conclusion The study found a significant association of craniocerebral trauma with increased risk of recidivism. The result highlights the importance of early detection, treatment, and intervention, as well as routine screening and rehabilitation of craniocerebral trauma, in preventing re-offending among prisoners and detainees. -
Key words:
- craniocerebral trauma /
- re-offending /
- first-offending
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表 1 不同组别人口学特征分布情况
Table 1. Offending status-specific demographic characteristics of 7 502 prisoners and detainees in 13 provincial-level administrative divisions of China
特征 初次犯罪（n = 3 019） 重新犯罪（n = 4 483） χ2 值 P 值 人数 % 人数 % 性别 1.47 0.225 男性 2152 71.28 3253 72.56 女性 867 28.72 1230 27.44 婚姻状况 260.98 < 0.001 未婚 882 29.21 1328 29.62 初婚 1365 45.21 1317 29.38 离婚 574 19.01 1481 33.04 再婚 198 6.56 357 7.96 家庭 原生双亲家庭 2720 90.10 3884 86.64 21.17 < 0.001 单亲家庭 210 6.96 417 9.30 再婚家庭 44 1.46 100 2.23 其他家庭 45 1.49 82 1.83 居住地 52.01 < 0.001 农村 1849 61.25 2519 56.19 城镇 1156 38.75 1943 43.81 自评经济状况 53.66 < 0.001 富裕 420 13.91 783 17.46 一般 1996 66.00 2621 58.00 贫困 603 19.98 1079 24.07 受教育程度 487.84 < 0.001 小学及以下 561 18.58 1388 30.96 初中 1205 39.91 2113 47.13 高中 676 22.39 754 16.82 大学及以上 577 19.11 228 5.09 父亲受教育程度 13.52 0.004 小学及以下 1619 53.63 2592 57.82 初中 811 26.86 1080 24.09 高中 511 16.93 713 15.90 大学及以上 78 2.58 98 2.19 母亲受教育程度 21.48 < 0.001 小学及以下 1930 63.93 3081 68.73 初中 692 22.92 846 18.87 高中 360 11.92 506 11.29 大学及以上 37 1.23 50 1.12 注：其他家庭包括非父母他人（亲属或朋友）家庭、被收养家庭和孤儿院。 
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表 2 不同组别颅脑外伤发生情况
Table 2. Offending status-specific self-reported prevalence of craniocerebral trauma and ages at the injuries among 7 502 prisoners and detainees in 13 provincial-level administrative divisions of China
颅脑外伤情况 初次犯罪（n = 3 019） 重新犯罪（n = 4 483） χ2 值 P 值 人数 % 人数 % 是否曾颅脑外伤 67.34 < 0.001 否 2761 91.45 3815 85.10 是 258 8.55 668 14.90 颅脑外伤首次发生时间 发生时间 < 18岁 119 46.12 237 35.48 8.91 0.003 发生时间 ≥ 18岁 139 53.88 431 64.52 发生时间 < 14岁 71 25.72 115 17.22 19.11 < 0.001 发生时间 ≥ 14岁 187 72.48 553 82.78 发生时间 < 16岁 93 36.05 147 22.01 8.91 0.003 发生时间 ≥ 16岁 165 63.95 521 77.99
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