Evaluation on implementation effect of long-term care insurance: research progress at home and abroad
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摘要: 长期护理保险（长护险）作为应对人口老龄化的重要措施，有效缓解了老年人因失能所带来的长期护理压力。中国各试点城市在近6年的政策实践中，基本建立了符合自身实际的长护险制度。为验证长护险政策的实施效果，国内外学者主要围绕政府资源、市场机构、个体家庭3个维度展开研究，从结果来看，长护险切实减轻了社会和个人照护压力，提高了受益人的健康状况和满意度，带动了护理和保险市场繁荣。同时，长护险的实施效果受社会人口学、社会经济学等多种因素影响；由于缺乏相应综合评价指标体系，难以通过单一指标对不同地区长护险实施效果进行比较。因此，未来应从政府、市场及个人三方面综合考量，建立长护险实施效果的系统评价指标体系，为中国建立和完善长护险制度提供依据。Abstract: As an important measure to deal with population aging, long - term care insurance (LTCI) has played a significant role in relieving the pressure of long - term care for the elders. Through six years′ practice since 2016, each pilot city in China has basically established the LTCI system that conforms to its own reality. In order to verify the implementation effect of the LTCI system, scholars at home and abroad mainly focused on the three dimensions of government, markets and individuals. The implementation of LTCI has effectively reduced government and personal pressure, improved health status of beneficiaries and promoted the development of nursing and insurance market. However, the implementation effect of the LTCI is affected by many factors such as social demography and social economics. Due to the lack of a corresponding comprehensive evaluation index system, it is difficult to compare the implementation effect of the LTCI in different regions with a single index. Future researches should comprehensively consider the government, the market and individuals, and establish a systematic evaluation system for the implementation effect of the LTCI.
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Key words:
- long-term care insurance /
- implementation effect /
- research progress
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表 1 长护险实施效果评价内容、方法及主要影响因素
维度 角度 主要内容 主要研究方法 主要影响因素 政府资源 人力 劳动力参与率 DID 性别[18] 生产力 logistic回归 非正式照护强度[17] 财力 财务可持续性 微观仿真预测 筹资机制、人口覆盖率[19] 物力 医疗资源分配 DID 长护险制度设计[14] 医疗控费 DID 受益人年龄[23] 机构市场 服务可及性 机构数量 库尔特指数 地区及机构类型[27] 服务质量 护理人员能力 卡方分析 服务机构类型[29] 个体家庭 个体 死亡风险 Cox回归 服务机构类型、家庭收入水平[32] 生活质量 生产函数 护理需求大小[30] 家庭 家庭经济负担 DID 家庭经济水平、个人健康状况[34] 家庭护理负担 Tobit回归 家庭经济水平[28] 个体及家庭 满意度 logistic回归 个人受教育程度、长护险保障水平[33] 
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