Anxiety emotion and its associates among adolescents during a major public health emergency: a cross-sectional survey in China
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摘要:
目的 了解新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间中国青少年的焦虑现状及其影响因素,为重大突发公共卫生事件下青少年焦虑情绪的心理干预提参考依据。 方法 于2020年3月采用自行设计调查问卷通过问卷星网络平台对中国34个省(自治区、直辖市)的208433名16~22岁青少年进行了焦虑情绪现状的相关调查。 结果 最终纳入分析的170830名16~22岁青少年中,在新冠疫情重大突发公共卫生事件中发生焦虑情绪者的40448人,焦虑检出率为23.7%,其中,轻度焦虑者32458人(80.2%),中度焦虑者5878人(14.5%),重度焦虑者2152人(5.3%);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、调查期间居住地确诊病例数为100~499和 ≥ 500例及经历过创伤及受疫情影响的人群类别为二、三和四级人群为重大突发公共卫生事件下中国青少年焦虑发生的危险因素,与家人关系一般和和睦及疫情前情绪一般和稳定为重大突发公共卫生事件下中国青少年焦虑发生的保护因素。 结论 在重大突发公共卫生事件下中国青少年焦虑发生率相对较低,性别、调查期间居住地确诊病例数、与家人关系、是否经历过创伤、受疫情影响人群类型和疫情前情绪是重大突发公共卫生事件下青少年焦虑发生的主要影响因素。 -
关键词:
- 焦虑 /
- 青少年 /
- 影响因素 /
- 重大突发公共卫生事件
Abstract:Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety emotion among Chinese adolescents during a major public health emergency (PHE) for providing evidence to the development of appropriate intervention strategies. Methods An online self-administered survey via Sojump platform was conducted among 208 433 adolescents (16 – 22 years old) in 34 provincial level administrative divisions across China during March 2020. A self-designed questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were adopted in the study. Results Among the 170 830 participants with valid responses, 40 448 (23.7%) were identified as having anxiety emotion during the major PHE; of the participants with anxiety emotion, 80.2% (32 458), 14.5% (5 878), and 5.3% (2 152) were assessed as having mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following risk factors for having anxiety emotion during the major PHE among the adolescents: female gender, living in a region affected by an ongoing major PHE with more than 100 reported cases, with trauma history, and being affected directly or indirectly by the major PHE but not being a confirmed disease case; whereas, having a fair or good relationship with family members and usually with a general or stable emotion before the major PHE were protective factors against anxiety emotion during the PHE. Conclusion During the period of a major PHE among Chinese adolescents, the prevalence of anxiety emotion was relatively low and mainly affected by gender, the number of confirmed disease cases within a residential area, relationship with family members, trauma history, and impact severity of the major PHE. -
Key words:
- anxiety /
- adolescents /
- influencing factor /
- major public health emergency
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表 1 重大突发公共卫生事件下不同特征中国青少年焦虑情绪情况比较
特征 调查人数 焦虑情绪人数 检出率(%) χ2 值 P 值 性别 男性 67481 20920 31.0 6.21 0.013 女性 103349 31452 30.4 调查期间居住地确诊病例数(例) 1~99 10606 35674 29.4 439.24 < 0.001 100~499 38730 12672 32.7 ≥ 500 121494 4026 38.0 与家人关系 较差 580 416 71.7 2382.50 < 0.001 一般 6698 3665 54.7 和睦 163552 48291 29.5 是否经历过创伤 否 155250 44164 28.4 3912.17 < 0.001 是 15580 8208 52.7 受疫情影响人群类别 一级人群 468 198 42.3 281.02 < 0.001 二级人群 463 255 55.1 三级人群 1415 622 44.0 四级人群 168484 51297 30.4 疫情前情绪 不稳定 3481 2487 71.4 11959.00 < 0.001 一般 18637 8965 48.1 稳定 148712 29036 19.5 表 2 重大突发公共卫生事件下中国青少年焦虑发生影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析
因素 比较组 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 性别 女性 男性 0.138 0.012 142.222 < 0.001 1.148 1.122~1.175 调查期间居住地确诊病例数(例) 100~499 1~99 0.107 0.014 58.563 < 0.001 1.113 1.083~1.144 ≥ 500 0.258 0.023 125.358 < 0.001 1.295 1.237~1.355 与家人关系 一般 较差 – 0.547 0.084 42.494 < 0.001 0.579 0.491~0.682 和睦 – 0.701 0.081 75.715 < 0.001 0.496 0.423~0.581 是否经历过创伤 是 否 0.569 0.019 929.322 < 0.001 1.766 1.703~1.832 受疫情影响人群类别 二级人群 一级人群 0.840 0.094 80.169 < 0.001 2.317 1.928~2.784 三级人群 1.352 0.094 208.555 < 0.001 3.867 3.218~4.645 四级人群 0.732 0.055 178.712 < 0.001 2.080 1.868~2.316 疫情前情绪 一般 不稳定 – 1.230 0.035 1246.597 < 0.001 0.292 0.273~0.313 稳定 – 2.476 0.033 5647.150 < 0.001 0.084 0.079~0.090 -
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