Campus bullying victimization and its influencing factors among primary and middle school students in a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
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摘要:
目的 了解新疆生产建设兵团某师中小学生遭受不同类型校园欺凌现状及影响因素，为防控校园欺凌提供科学依据。 方法 于2020年8 — 10月，采用分层整群随机抽样法从新疆生产建设兵团某师随机选取7所城区和5所农村学校共3010名中小学生进行校园欺凌及相关因素问卷调查，采用SPSS 20.0软件通过χ2检验、logistic回归对资料进行分析。 结果 新疆生产建设兵团某师中小学生遭受欺凌报告率为19.0%；欺凌报告率从高到低依次为言语欺凌（17.8%）、情感忽视（5.1%）和躯体欺凌（3.9%）。男生、非住校生、睡眠时间＞8 h者、有曾被家长打骂过者、小学生、打架 ≥ 2次者遭受欺凌和3种不同类型的欺凌报告率均较高（均P < 0.05）。影响因素分析显示，男生、曾被家长打骂是遭受欺凌（OR男生 = 1.253，OR曾被家长打骂 = 2.096）、言语欺凌（OR男生 = 1.339，OR曾被家长打骂 = 2.209）和躯体欺凌（OR男生 = 1.964，OR曾被家长打骂 = 3.742）的共同危险因素；打架（OR1次 = 3.184，OR ≥ 2次 = 5.730）、饮酒（OR = 1.964）、运动时间减少（OR经常 = 1.604）均是遭受欺凌的危险因素；其中，打架是遭受言语欺凌（OR1次 = 3.770，OR ≥ 2次 = 6.974）和情感忽视（OR1次 = 3.767，OR ≥ 2次 = 6.338）的共同危险因素；运动时间减少（OR经常 = 1.593）是遭受言语欺凌的危险因素，曾被家长打骂（OR = 3.173）是遭受情感忽视的危险因素。将遭受欺凌中有统计学意义且OR值降序排列前4的因素纳入累积效应分析，危险因素增加至 ≥ 3个时遭受欺凌的可能性是没有危险因素时的8.839倍（P < 0.05）。 结论 新疆生产建设兵团某师中小学生遭受欺凌报告率较高，其中言语欺凌报告率最高，有打架行为、被家长打骂经历、运动时间减少以及男生群体应作为遭受校园欺凌的重点关注对象。 Abstract:Objective To explore the prevalence and associated factors of bullying victimization among primary and middle school students in a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for providing evidence to the prevention of campus bullying. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted an onsite questionnaire survey about school bullying and related factors among 3 019 primary and secondary school students in 7 urban and 5 rural schools in a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps during August – October 2020. The collected data were analyzed with χ2 test and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0. Results Of the 3 010 students with valid response, 19.0% reported bullying victimization during past 30 days; verbal violence, emotional neglect, and physical violence were reported by 17.8%, 5.1%, and 3.9% of the students. Significantly higher overall and three types of bullying victimization were reported by boy students, day students, the students with daily sleep time of more than 8 hours, the students ever having parental maltreatments, being primary school students, and the students ever fighting with others at least two times (all P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following risk factors for overall and the three types of bullying victimization: (1) being boy students and ever having parental maltreatments were risk factors for bullying victimization (odds ratio [OR] = 1.253 and OR = 2.096), verbal violence (OR = 1.339 and 2.209), and physical violence (OR = 1.964 and OR = 3.472); (2) ever fighting with others (once and ≥ twice ) was a risk factor for bullying victimization (OR = 3.184 and OR = 5.730), verbal violence (OR = 3.770 and OR = 6.974) , and emotional neglect (OR = 3.767 and OR = 6.338); (3) alcohol drinking was a risk factor for bullying victimization (OR = 1.964); (4) frequent reduction in exercise time was a risk factor for bullying victimization (OR = 1.604) and verbal violence (OR = 1.593). Further cumulative effect analysis showed that the students exposed to the 3 and more risk factors were at a significantly increased risk of bulling victimization (OR = 8.839) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bullying victimization, especially verbal violence, was prevalent among primary and secondary school students in a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; special concern should be paid to boy students, the students ever fighting with others, having parental maltreatments and having reduction in exercise time when carrying out relevant interventions. -
表 1 不同特征中小学生遭受欺凌情况比较（n = 3010）
类别 总人数 % 遭受欺凌 χ2 值 言语欺凌 χ2 值 躯体欺凌 χ2 值 情感忽视 χ2 值 人数 % 人数 % 人数 % 人数 % 性别 39.295 c 37.411 c 16.501 c 9.185 b 女生 1444 48.0 207 14.3 193 13.4 35 2.4 56 3.9 男生 1566 52.0 365 23.3 343 21.9 83 5.3 99 6.3 居住地 11.300 b 6.877 b 6.629 a 1.606 城区 1797 59.7 306 17.0 293 16.3 57 3.2 85 4.7 农村 1213 40.3 266 21.9 243 20.0 61 5.0 70 5.8 学生类型 74.399 c 63.676 c 60.087 c 28.517 c 小学 1044 34.7 273 26.1 253 24.2 80 7.7 79 7.6 初中 976 32.4 182 18.6 171 17.5 22 2.3 52 5.3 高中 749 24.9 102 13.6 97 13.0 13 1.7 21 2.8 职业中学 241 8.0 15 6.2 15 6.2 3 1.2 3 1.2 住校 41.923 c 37.576 c 12.835 c 19.650 c 否 1820 60.5 414 22.7 387 21.3 90 4.9 120 6.6 是 1190 39.5 158 13.3 149 12.5 28 2.4 35 2.9 打架次数 314.933 c 309.779 c 205.316 c 170.619 c 0 2618 87.0 373 14.2 346 13.2 58 2.2 85 3.2 1 266 8.8 119 44.7 113 42.5 28 10.5 38 14.3 ≥ 2 126 4.2 80 63.5 77 61.1 32 25.4 32 25.4 曾被家长打骂 157.151 c 133.715 c 92.810 c 104.653 c 否 2463 81.8 364 14.8 345 14.0 57 2.3 79 3.2 是 547 18.2 208 38.0 191 34.9 61 11.2 76 13.9 吸烟 20.489 c 24.709 c 1.550 1.997 否 2770 92.0 500 18.0 465 16.7 105 3.8 138 5.0 是 240 8.0 72 30.0 71 29.6 13 5.4 17 7.1 饮酒 22.381 c 22.227 c 0.003 8.592 b 否 2277 75.6 389 17.1 363 15.9 89 3.9 102 4.5 是 733 24.4 183 25.0 173 23.6 29 4.0 53 7.2 运动时间减少 28.110 c 24.098 c 1.572 25.585 c 没有 2115 70.3 356 16.8 335 15.8 78 3.7 82 3.9 有时 731 24.3 165 22.6 154 21.1 31 4.2 56 7.7 经常 164 5.4 51 31.1 47 28.7 9 5.5 17 10.4 每天睡眠时间（h） 24.719 c 20.160 c 29.443 c 11.676 b < 8 1700 56.5 270 15.9 256 15.1 38 2.2 67 3.9 ≥ 8 1310 43.5 302 23.1 280 21.4 80 6.1 88 6.7 合计 3010 572 19.0 536 17.8 118 3.9 155 5.1 注：组间比较，a P < 0.5，b P < 0.01，c P < 0.001。 
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表 2 中小学生遭受欺凌与不同类型欺凌的多因素logistic回归分析（n = 3010）
类别 自变量 比较组 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 遭受欺凌 性别 男生 女生 0.225 0.106 4.554 0.033 1.253 1.019～1.540 打架次数 1 0 1.158 0.144 64.437 < 0.001 3.184 2.400～4.224 ≥ 2 1.746 0.206 72.024 < 0.001 5.730 3.829～8.575 曾被家长打骂 是 否 0.740 0.118 39.103 < 0.001 2.096 1.662～2.643 饮酒 是 否 0.675 0.126 28.763 < 0.001 1.964 1.535～2.514 运动时间减少 经常 没有 0.473 0.198 5.728 0.017 1.604 1.089～2.363 学生类型 初中 小学 – 0.309 0.121 6.568 0.010 0.734 0.579～0.930 高中 – 0.653 0.155 17.807 < 0.001 0.520 0.384～0.705 职业学校 – 1.365 0.293 21.706 < 0.001 0.255 0.144～0.454 言语欺凌 性别 男生 女生 0.292 0.106 7.578 0.006 1.339 1.088～1.649 打架次数 1次 0次 1.327 0.143 85.982 < 0.001 3.770 2.848～4.990 ≥ 2次 1.942 0.201 93.669 < 0.001 6.974 4.706～10.335 曾被家长打骂 是 否 0.792 0.117 45.633 < 0.001 2.209 1.755～2.780 运动时间减少 经常 没有 0.465 0.200 5.434 0.020 1.593 1.077～2.355 躯体欺凌 性别 男生 女生 0.673 0.210 10.321 0.001 1.964 1.302～2.962 曾被家长打骂 是 否 1.321 0.202 42.605 < 0.001 3.742 2.517～5.563 学生类型 初中 小学 – 1.127 0.249 20.550 0.010 0.324 0.199～0.528 高中 – 1.115 0.315 12.501 < 0.001 0.328 0.177～0.608 职业学校 – 1.301 0.603 4.662 < 0.001 0.272 0.084～0.887 情感忽视 打架次数 1 0 1.326 0.215 38.055 < 0.001 3.767 2.472～5.741 ≥ 2 1.847 0.248 55.621 < 0.001 6.338 3.901～10.296 曾被家长打骂 是 否 1.155 0.182 40.306 < 0.001 3.173 2.222～4.532
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表 3 中小学生遭受欺凌危险因素累积效应分析
常数及危险因素 β 值 $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 0 236.826 < 0.001 1 0.592 0.143 17.050 < 0.001 1.807 1.365～2.393 2 1.323 0.149 78.816 < 0.001 3.754 2.803～5.027 ≥ 3 2.179 0.178 150.112 < 0.001 8.839 6.237～12.525
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