我国农村儿童早期发展现状及建议

张悦; 李志新

doi:10.11847/zgggws1140251

我国农村儿童早期发展现状及建议

doi: 10.11847/zgggws1140251

张悦,
李志新^,

中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心，北京 100081

详细信息

作者简介:
张悦（1980 – ），女，天津人，研究员，博士，研究方向：儿童生长发育

通讯作者:
李志新，E-mail：lizhixin@chinawch.org.cn

中图分类号: R 179
计量
- 文章访问数: 122
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 37
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 接收日期: 2022-09-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-10

Early child development in rural China: status and suggestion

ZHANG Yue,
LI Zhixin^,

National Center for Women and Children Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 儿童早期发展不但对人一生的学习成绩、工作成就、社会融入及成年期健康等具有重要影响，并已证明是最为经济、有效的扶贫战略之一，是实现联合国可持续发展多个目标的重要措施。我国0～4岁乡村儿童约有2 800万人，是一个庞大的群体，但在健康、营养及早期学习机会等养育照护的多方面与城市尚存在一定的差距。当今我国正处在乡村振兴战略目标实施的关键时间节点，从根本上阻断贫困地区的代际传播，农村地区儿童早期发展尤为重要。为此，本文就我国农村儿童早期发展现状、养育照护状况及支撑环境作一概述，并对促进我国农村儿童早期发展提出几点建议。
- 儿童早期发展 /
- 养育照护 /
- 支撑环境
Abstract: Early childhood development (ECD) has a significant impact on personal academic achievement, social integration and health in adulthood throughout one′s life. Promoting ECD has been proven to be one of the most cost-effective poverty alleviation strategies and a solid foundation for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations. There are about 28 million children aged 0 − 4 years in rural China, which is a huge population. However, there are still gaps in health care, nutrition and early learning opportunities between the children in rural and urban areas. China is now at a critical point in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and promoting ECD in rural areas is of great importance to radically interrupting the inter-generational transmission of poverty. In this paper, we described current situation of ECD, nurturing care as well as supporting environment in rural areas of China, and put forward several suggestions to promote ECD in those aspects.
- early child development /
- nurturing care /
- supportive environment

HTML全文

参考文献(53)

[1]	联合国儿童基金会. 儿童早期综合发展: 0～3岁[EB/OL]. (2015 – 10 – 16)[2022 – 09 – 05]. https://www.unicef.cn/reports/integrated-approaches-early-childhood-development-0-3-years.
[2]	World Health Organization. Early child development: a powerful equalizer[EB/OL]. ( 2007 – 03 – 14)[2022 – 09 – 05]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/early-child-development-a-powerful-equalizer-final-report-for-the-world-health-organization-s-commission-on-the-social-determinants-of-health.
[3]	Britto P. Why early childhood development is the foundation for sustainable development[EB/OL]. (2015 – 12 – 16)[2022 – 09 – 05]. https://www.unicef.cn/stories/why-early-childhood-development-foundation-sustainable-development.
[4]	中国统计局. 中国统计年鉴 —— 2021[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021: 2 – 20.
[5]	UNICEF and Countdown to 2030 Women′s, Children′s and Adolescent′s Health. Country profiles for early childhood develop-ment[EB/OL]. (2021 – 12 – 14)[2022 – 09 – 05]. https://nurturing-care.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/English.pdf.
[6]	Emmers D, Jiang Q, Xue H, et al. Early childhood development and parental training interventions in rural China: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMJ Global Health, 2021, 6(8): e005578. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005578
[7]	岳莉. 乌鲁木齐城乡3～6岁儿童早期发展状况的调查研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆师范大学, 2020: 30, 46.
[8]	Cummings EM, Campbell SB, Davies PT. Developmental psycho-pathology and family process: theory, research, and clinical implica-tions[M]. New York: Guilford Press, 2000: 345.
[9]	Sameroff AJ, Bartko WT, Baldwin A, et al. Family and social influences on the development of child competence[M]//Lewis M, Feiring C. Families, Risk, and Competence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1998: 161 – 185.
[10]	Fernald LCH, Weber A, Galasso E, et al. Socioeconomic gradients and child development in a very low income population: evidence from Madagascar[J]. Developmental Science, 2011, 14(4): 832 – 847. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01032.x
[11]	Schady N, Behrman J, Araujo MC, et al. Wealth gradients in early childhood cognitive development in five Latin American countries[J]. Journal of Human Resources, 2015, 50(2): 446 – 463. doi: 10.3368/jhr.50.2.446
[12]	Hair NL, Hanson JL, Wolfe BL, et al. Association of child poverty, brain development, and academic achievement[J]. JAMA Pediatrics, 2015, 169(9): 822 – 829. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1475
[13]	Linver MR, Brooks-Gunn J, Kohen DE. Family processes as path-ways from income to young children's development[J]. Develop-mental Psychology, 2002, 38(5): 719 – 734. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.719
[14]	NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. Child care and mother - child interaction in the first three years of life[J]. Develop-mental Psychology, 1999, 35(6): 1399 – 1413. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.35.6.1399
[15]	Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan GJ. The effects of poverty on children[J]. The Future of Children, 1997, 7(2): 55 – 71. doi: 10.2307/1602387
[16]	Burchinal M, Vernon-Feagans L, Cox M, et al. Cumulative social risk, parenting, and infant development in rural low - income communities[J]. Parenting, 2008, 8(1): 41 – 69. doi: 10.1080/15295190701830672
[17]	祁月, 张羽頔, 蒋子晗, 等. 2月龄时回应性照护对婴儿6个月内发育影响的出生队列研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28(1): 23 – 27. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2019-1043
[18]	The United Nations Children's Fund. Monitoring the situation of children and women, multiple indicator cluster survey manual 2005[R]. New York, 2006.
[19]	国家卫生健康委员会. 中国卫生健康统计年鉴 —— 2020[M]. 北京: 中国协和医科大学出版社, 2020: 217, 374, 378.
[20]	国家卫生健康委妇幼健康司. 中国妇幼健康事业发展报告(2019)[EB/OL]. (2019 – 05 – 27)[2022 – 08 – 27]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/s7901/201905/bbd8e2134a7e47958c5c9ef032e1dfa2.shtml.
[21]	国家卫生健康委统计信息中心. 2018年全国第六次卫生服务统计调查报告[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2021: 94.
[22]	刘兰, 刘建蒙, 刘英惠, 等. 中国10县(市)1993 — 2005年单胎儿早产流行状况研究[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2007, 28(11): 1051 – 1054. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2007.11.001
[23]	王爱玲, 宋莉. 守护生命起点保障母婴健康 —— 中国预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播工作20年回顾与展望[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2021, 27(7): 677 – 679.
[24]	World Health Organization and the United Nations Children′s Fund. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: definitions and measurement methods[R]. Geneva: WHO Press, 2021: 3 – 4.
[25]	赵丽云, 马冠生, 朴建华, 等. 2010 — 2012中国居民营养与健康状况监测总体方案[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2016, 50(3): 204 – 207. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.03.002
[26]	Duan YF, Yang ZY, Lai JQ, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding rate and complementary feeding indicators in China: a national representa-tive survey in 2013[J]. Nutrients, 2018, 10(2): 249. doi: 10.3390/nu10020249
[27]	白钰, 郑丽娟, 刘步瑶, 等. 中国农村贫困地区养育行为现状及其影响的实证研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(3): 70 – 83. doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.006
[28]	Zhang Y, Sanders M, Feng WW, et al. Using epidemiological data to identify needs for child-rearing support among Chinese parents: a cross - sectional survey of parents of children aged 6 to 35 months in 15 Chinese cities[J]. BMC Public Health, 2019, 19(11): 1470.
[29]	吴天晨, 石慧峰, 杜雨峰, 等. 图书和玩具对中国贫困农村地区儿童早期发展的影响[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2019, 57(3): 187 – 193. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2019.03.006
[30]	Ma Y, Jonsson L, Feng TL, et al. Variations in the home language environment and early language development in rural China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(5): 2671. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052671
[31]	Zhang YW, Xu XJ, Jiang F, et al. Effects of quantitative linguistic feedback to caregivers of young children: a pilot study in China[J]. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 2015, 37(1): 16 – 24. doi: 10.1177/1525740115575771
[32]	杨洁, 蒋琪, 岳爱, 等. 中国农村贫困地区照养人抑郁风险现状及其对养育行为的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(3): 97 – 106. doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.008
[33]	孙一婕, 张悦, 张华, 等. 3月龄婴儿及其母亲喂养过程中的互动行为初探[J]. 中国妇幼卫生杂志, 2020, 11(5): 5 – 9. doi: 10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2020.05.002
[34]	石慧峰, 张敬旭, 王晓莉, 等. 儿童早期发展综合干预策略对改善贫困农村地区0 ~ 35月龄儿童养育照护的效果[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2018, 56(2): 110 – 115. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2018.02.007
[35]	联合国. 《儿童权利公约》文本[EB/OL]. (1989 – 09 – 20)[2022 – 08 – 27]. https://www.unicef.org/zh/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC.
[36]	联合国. 联合国《残疾人权利公约》[EB/OL]. (2006 – 10 – 27)[2022 – 08 – 27]. https://www.cdpf.org.cn//zwgk/zcwj/zcfg/b9401df2adc64e52b06aa18c6fd04fe0.htm.
[37]	联合国. 《儿童权利公约》关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书[EB/OL]. (2000 – 05 – 25)[2022 – 08 – 27]. https://www.unicef.cn/documents/universal-declaration-human-rights-convention-rights-child.
[38]	联合国. 跨国收养方面保护儿童及合作公约(中译本)[J]. 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会公报, 2005(5): 371 – 378.
[39]	国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于印发国家贫困地区儿童发展规划(2014 — 2020年)的通知[EB/OL]. (2015 – 01 – 15)[2022 – 08 – 27]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-01/15/content_9398.htm.
[40]	国务院. 国务院关于加强农村留守儿童关爱保护工作的意见[EB/OL]. (2016 – 02 – 04)[2022 – 08 – 27]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-02/14/content_5041066.htm.
[41]	新华社客户端. 解码2018中央经济工作会议\| 明年保障和改善民生看点几何?[EB/OL]. (2018 – 12 – 31)[2022 – 08 – 27]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1621356470164329042&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[42]	中共中央, 国务院. 中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见[EB/OL]. (2018 – 01 – 02)[2021 – 08 – 08]. http://fgw.qinghai.gov.cn/ztzl/2020n_1045/jdybzn/dnfg/202208/t20220808_82151.html.
[43]	国家卫生健康委妇幼司. 关于印发农村儿童早期发展试点工作方案的通知[EB/OL]. 国卫妇幼儿卫便函[2019]84号.
[44]	Thomas R, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Behavioral outcomes of parent - child interaction therapy and triple P - positive parenting program: a review and meta - analysis[J]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psych-ology, 2007, 35(3): 475 – 495. doi: 10.1007/s10802-007-9104-9
[45]	张彤. 中国妇幼卫生[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2020: 71, 87.
[46]	浙江省卫生健康委办公室. 关于印发2020年度3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务民生实事项目实施方案的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.suichang.gov.cn/art/2021/8/4/art_1229425524_4698119.html.
[47]	宁波市卫健委. 市儿童早期发展促进项目启动, 将为儿童提供优质全面的早期发展服务[EB/OL]. (2019 – 11 – 08)[2022 – 08 – 27]. http://wjw.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2019/11/8/art_1229128346_48374944.html.
[48]	World Health Organization. Nurturing care for early childhood development: a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potentia[R]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018.
[49]	Rangelova V. BULGARIA: a new approach to nurturing care[EB/OL]. [2022 – 08 – 27]. https://nurturing-care.org/resources/bulgaria.
[50]	Bouchane K, Halaimzai Z. GREECE: Nurturing care for refugees[EB/OL]. [2022 – 08 – 27]. https://nurturing-care.org/resources/greece.
[51]	Caldwell K, Gow J, Karnati R, et al. Promoting nurturing care within the health sector[EB/OL]. (2021 – 03)[2022 – 08 – 27]. https://nurturing-care.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Country_Brief_Ghana.pdf.
[52]	Maria Elena Ugaz. PERU: a multi-pronged approach to making health services more nurturing[EB/OL]. (2021 – 06)[2022 – 08 – 27]. https://nurturing-care.org/nurturing-health-services-in-peru/.
[53]	国家卫生计生委妇幼司. 儿童早期发展示范基地标准(试行)[EB/OL]. https://www.docin.com/p-1057087982.html.