Early childhood education on sexual assault prevention: an online survey among parents/caregivers of young children in rural kindergartens of Luzhou city
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摘要:
目的 了解四川省泸州市农村地区幼儿防性侵教育开展现状及其影响因素,为促进农村幼儿防性侵教育提供参考依据。 方法 于2021年12月— 2022年1月通过分层整群抽样和自行设计的调查表对2258名3~6岁幼儿家长的幼儿性教育知信行情况及防性侵教育开展情况进行问卷调查。 结果 有效问卷2218份,有效率为98.23%,防性侵家庭教育开展率为38.46%,防性侵幼儿园教育报告率为25.16%,防性侵家 – 园沟通率为16.55%。多因素分析结果表明,被调查者为父母是防性侵家庭教育开展行为(OR = 3.06,95%CI = 1.76~5.33)、幼儿园教育报告行为(OR = 2.77,95%CI = 1.57~4.91)、家 – 园沟通行为(OR = 5.62,95%CI = 3.12~10.13)的共同促进因素(P < 0.05)。此外,防性侵家庭教育中,母亲为公职人员(OR = 2.37,95%CI = 1.57~3.60)和其他职业(OR = 1.91,95%CI = 1.36~2.68)、性知识得分及格(OR = 1.75,95%CI = 1.33~2.30)、支持性教育(OR = 3.84,95%CI = 2.81~5.25)者开展率更高;留守儿童(OR = 0.73,95%CI = 0.60~0.89)开展率更低。防性侵幼儿园教育行为中,公立学校(OR = 1.48,95%CI = 1.19~1.85)、中班(OR = 1.42,95%CI = 1.03~1.98)和大班(OR = 1.79,95%CI = 1.31~2.43)、父亲为教师/医生(OR = 2.37,95%CI = 1.15~1.89)、性知识得分及格(OR = 1.97,95%CI = 1.41~2.75)、支持性教育(OR = 3.02,95%CI = 2.10~4.33)者报告率更高;独生子女(OR = 0.69,95%CI = 0.52~0.90)和留守儿童(OR = 0.64,95%CI = 0.51~0.80)报告率较低。防性侵家 – 园沟通行为中,父亲为教师/医生(OR = 1.58,95%CI = 1.16~2.14)、公职人员(OR = 2.98,95%CI = 1.35~6.57)、其他职业(OR = 2.06,95%CI = 1.31~3.24)者家 – 园沟通率更高(P < 0.05);母亲文化程度为初中(OR = 0.57,95%CI = 0.39~0.85)、高中/中专(OR = 0.59,95%CI = 0.39~0.90)和大专/本科及以上(OR = 0.38,95%CI = 0.23~0.63),隔代照顾者(OR = 0.49,95%CI = 0.35~0.68)者家 – 园沟通率较低。 结论 泸州市农村地区幼儿防性侵教育开展率较低,有关部门应大力宣传防性侵教育,针对以上影响因素制定有效干预措施。 Abstract:Objective To examine the situation and determinants of early childhood education on sexual assault prevention in rural areas of Luzhou municipality and to provide evidence for promoting the education among rural young children. Methods With a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted an anonymous survey online among 2 258 parents/caregivers of 3 – 6 years old children in 12 kindergartens selected using stratified cluster sampling in rural areas of Luzhou city, Sichuan province between December 2021 and January 2022. Results Of 2 218 participants with eligible responses, 38.46% and 25.16% reported educational activity for young children on sexual assault prevention ever performed in family settings and in kindergartens; and 16.55% reported the family-kindergarten communication about issues of the education on sexual assault prevention. The results of unconditional binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the parental participants were more likely to be involved in their children′s education on sexual assault prevention in family settings (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.76 – 5.33), to report their children′s participating in the programs on the prevention of sexual assault in kindergartens (OR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.57 – 4.91), and to conduct home-school communication about the status of the education (OR = 5.62, 95%CI: 3.12 – 10.13); the results also revealed multiple influencing factors for having the education on sexual assault prevention in young children as following: (1) promoting factors for the education in family setting: maternal occupation of public employee (OR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.57 – 3.60), maternal occupations of other than teacher/public employee/worker (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.36 – 2.68), with a caregiver having a better (scored ≥ 5 in a scale range of 0 – 7 ) sexual knowledge (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.33 – 2.30), and caregiver′s positive attitude towards the education (OR = 3.84, 95%CI = 2.81 – 5.25); (2) hindering factor for the education in family setting: being a left-behind child (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.60 – 0.89); (3) promoting factors for the education in kindergarten setting: having daycare in a public kindergarten (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.19 – 1.85), in a middle class of kindergarten (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.03 – 1.98), in a top class of kindergarten (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.31 – 2.43), paternal occupation of teacher/doctor (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.16 – 2.14), with a caregiver having a better sexual knowledge (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.41 – 2.75), and caregiver′s positive attitude towards the education (OR = 3.02, 95%CI: 2.10 – 4.33); (4) hindering factors for the education in kindergarten setting: being an only child (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.52 – 0.90) and being a left-behind child (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.51 – 0.80); (5) promoting factors for the education-related family-school communication: paternal occupation of teacher/doctor (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.16 – 2.14), paternal occupation of public employee (OR = 2.98, 95%CI = 1.35 – 6.57), and paternal occupations of other than teacher/doctor/public employee/worker (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.31 – 3.24) (P < 0.05); (6) hindering factors for the education-related family-school communication: maternal education of junior high school (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.39 – 0.85) or senior high school/specialized secondary school (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39 – 0.90) or junior college/undergraduate and above (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.23 – 0.63) and being cared by grandparents (OR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.35 – 0.68). Conclusion The early childhood education on sexual assault prevention was at a low level and relevant measures should be taken to promote the education in rural areas of Luzhou city. -
表 1 幼儿防性侵教育开展的单因素分析
Table 1. Prevalenc of early childhood education on sexual assault prevention at family and kindergarten settings by individual, parental, family, and kindergarten factors: univariate analysis on the data from 2 218 parents/caregivers of 3 – 6 years old children in rural Luzhou, Sichuan province
幼儿园 分组 防性侵家庭教育 防性侵幼儿园教育 防性侵家 – 园沟通教育 开展人数 开展率(%) 开展人数 开展率(%) 开展人数 开展率(%) 学校性质 私立 358 37.02 207 21.40 b 154 15.93 公立 495 39.57 351 28.05 213 17.03 年级 小班 152 34.08 86 19.28 b 66 14.80 中班 280 39.16 179 25.03 123 17.20 大班 405 40.30 285 28.35 174 17.31 被调查者身份 父母 818 37.91 b 533 24.69 b 342 15.84 b 其他 35 58.33 25 41.66 25 41.66 父亲文化程度 小学及以下 31 35.88 52 27.06 46 27.05 初中 389 37.48 270 16.76 174 16.76 高中/中专 251 38.64 147 15.23 99 15.23 大专/本科及以上 145 41.91 44 12.72 44 12.71 母亲文化程度 小学及以下 65 36.11 b 53 29.44 a 50 27.77 b 初中 310 32.33 217 22.62 160 16.68 高中/中专 267 43.13 178 28.75 104 16.80 大专/本科及以上 208 46.74 109 24.49 52 11.68 幼儿性别 男性 449 38.77 290 25.04 183 15.80 女性 404 38.11 268 25.28 184 17.35 独生子女 否 650 38.81 455 27.16 b 287 17.13 是 203 37.38 103 18.96 80 14.73 父亲职业 工人 439 38.68 313 27.57 a 211 18.59 b 教师/医生 22 48.89 14 31.11 11 24.44 公职人员 84 42.86 42 21.42 37 18.87 其他 200 34.84 124 21.60 67 11.67 母亲职业 工人 288 36.59 b 218 27.70 149 18.93 教师/医生 64 57.66 34 30.63 20 18.01 公职人员 88 53.01 38 22.89 27 16.26 其他 338 35.25 219 22.83 139 14.49 家庭年均收入(万元) < 5 478 37.49 349 27.37 a 235 18.43 b 5~10 215 38.05 123 21.76 88 15.57 > 10 160 42.33 86 22.75 44 11.64 家庭类型 单亲 63 35.20 49 27.37 35 19.55 双亲 790 38.74 509 24.96 332 16.28 幼儿照顾类型 父母照顾 380 37.85 b 273 27.19 199 19.82 b 隔代照顾 201 34.24 130 22.14 75 12.77 大家庭照顾 272 43.38 155 24.72 93 14.83 留守儿童 否 557 40.96 b 362 26.61 a 235 17.27 是 296 34.50 196 22.84 132 15.38 性知识得分 不及格 258 30.03 b 161 18.74 b 119 13.85 b 及格 595 43.78 397 29.21 248 18.24 性教育态度 不支持 60 16.53 b 47 12.94 b 48 13.22 支持 793 42.75 511 27.54 319 17.19 注:组间比较,a P < 0.05,b P < 0.01。 表 2 幼儿防性侵教育开展的多因素分析
Table 2. Influences of individual, parental, and kindergarten factors on early childhood education of sexual assault prevention at family, and kindergarten settings: multi-variate unconditional binary logistic on the data from 2 218 parents/caregivers of 3 – 6 years old children in rural Luzhou, Sichuan province
性教育类型 变量 比较组 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 防性侵家庭教育 被调查者身份 父母 其他亲人 1.12 0.28 15.65 < 0.001 3.06 1.76~5.33 母亲职业 教师/医生 工人 0.19 0.11 3.36 0.067 1.21 0.99~1.49 公职人员 0.86 0.21 17.05 < 0.001 2.37 1.57~3.60 其他 0.65 0.17 13.80 < 0.001 1.91 1.36~2.68 是否为留守儿童 是 否 – 0.31 0.10 9.64 0.002 0.73 0.60~0.89 性知识得分 及格 不及格 0.56 0.14 15.86 < 0.001 1.75 1.33~2.30 性教育态度 支持 不支持 1.35 0.16 71.41 < 0.001 3.84 2.81~5.25 防性侵幼儿园教育 被调查者身份 父母 其他亲人 1.02 0.29 12.25 < 0.001 2.77 1.57~4.91 父亲职业 教师/医生 工人 0.39 0.13 9.20 0.002 1.48 1.15~1.89 公职人员 0.49 0.35 1.93 0.165 1.63 0.82~3.24 其他 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.985 1.00 0.66~1.52 是否为独生子女 是 否 – 0.38 0.14 7.18 0.007 0.69 0.52~0.90 是否为留守儿童 是 否 – 0.45 0.12 14.72 < 0.001 0.64 0.51~0.80 幼儿园性质 公立 私立 0.39 0.11 11.90 0.001 1.48 1.19~1.85 幼儿年级 中班 小班 0.35 0.17 4.47 0.035 1.42 1.03~1.98 大班 0.58 0.16 13.70 < 0.001 1.79 1.31~2.43 性知识得分 及格 不及格 0.68 0.17 15.61 < 0.001 1.97 1.41~2.75 性教育态度 支持 不支持 1.11 0.18 35.92 < 0.001 3.02 2.10~4.33 防性侵家 – 园沟通教育 被调查者身份 父母 其他亲人 1.73 0.30 33.01 < 0.001 5.62 3.12~10.13 父亲职业 教师/医生 工人 0.45 0.16 8.57 0.003 1.58 1.16~2.14 公职人员 1.09 0.40 7.36 0.007 2.98 1.35~6.57 其他 0.72 0.23 9.81 0.002 2.06 1.31~3.24 母亲文化程度 初中 小学及以下 – 0.55 0.20 7.80 0.005 0.57 0.39~0.85 高中/中专 – 0.53 0.22 5.98 0.014 0.59 0.39~0.90 大专/本科及以上 – 0.96 0.25 14.42 < 0.001 0.38 0.23~0.63 幼儿照顾类型 隔代照顾 父母照顾 – 0.72 0.17 17.56 < 0.001 0.49 0.35~0.68 大家庭照顾 – 0.18 0.15 1.45 0.229 0.83 0.62~1.12 -
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