Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness during 2021 – 2022 in Xiamen city: a hospital-based sentinel surveillance data analysis
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摘要:
目的 了解福建省厦门市哨点医院2021 — 2022年流感样病例（ILI）的流行特征，为科学防控流感提供参考依据。 方法 收集国家流感监测信息系统2021年8月 — 2022年7月厦门市哨点医院发热门诊报告的6018例ILI患者的相关数据，对其流行病学特征和病原学特征进行分析。 结果 厦门市哨点医院2021 — 2022年发热门诊报告的6018例ILI患者中，2022年6月报告的ILI患者最多，为3168例（52.64%）；男性ILI患者为3129例（51.99%），女性ILI患者为2889例（48.01%）；以3～6岁年龄组报告的ILI患者居多为2992例（49.72%）。厦门市哨点医院2021 — 2022年随机采集2794例ILI患者的咽拭子进行病毒核酸检测，检测率为46.43%；其中流感核酸阳性1683例，阳性率为60.24%；ILI患者以单一流感病毒感染为主，为1536例（91.27%），其中甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2和乙型流感Victoria系感染分别占核酸阳性ILI患者的1.60%、57.75%和31.91%；混合病毒感染以乙型流感Victoria系合并人偏肺病毒感染最常见，为32例，占核酸阳性ILI患者的1.90%。 结论 厦门市ILI呈夏季单一年度高峰流行特点，甲型H3N2为流行的优势毒株，3～6岁学龄前儿童为防控的重点人群。 -
关键词:
- 流感样病例（ILI） /
- 流行特征 /
- 哨点医院
Abstract:Objective To describe epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases reported during 2021 – 22 by sentinel hospitals in Xiamen city, Fujian province for providing evidence to influenza prevention and control. Methods Demographic and medical information for 6 018 ILI cases reported by sentinel hospitals in Xiamen city from August 2021 to July 2022 were collected from National Influenza Surveillance Information System. Epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of the ILL cases were analyzed statistically. Results Of all the registered ILI cases, 51.99% (3 129) were male and 48.01% (2 889) were female; 49.72% (2 992) were at ages of 3 – 6 years; and 52.64% (3168) were reported during June 2022. For 2 794 pharyngeal swab specimens randomly collected from 46.43% of all cases, 1 683 were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, with a detection rate of 60.24%. Single-strain infection were detected among most (1 536, 91.27% ) of the cases positive for influenza virus and the ratios of the isolated strains for the single infections were 57.75% for influenza A H3N2, 31.91% for influenza B Victoria lineage, and 1.60% for influenza A H1N1, respectively. The most detected co-infections were caused by influenza B Victoria lineage combined with human metapneumovirus infection, which was identified in 32 cases, accounting for 1.90% of the nucleic acid-positive ILI cases. Conclusion According to hospital-based sentinel surveillance, the ILI incidence showed a mono-peak in summer season and mainly caused by influenza A H3N2 and 3 – 6 years children were more susceptible to the influenza-like infection during 2021 – 22 in Xiamen city. -
Key words:
- influenza-like illness /
- epidemic characteristics /
- sentinel hospital
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表 1 厦门市哨点医院2021 — 2022年不同年龄组ILI患者分布情况
Table 1. Age group-specific number of ILI cases diagnosed at sentinel hospitals in Xiamen city，2021 – 2022
时间 < 1岁 1～2岁 3～6岁 7～17岁 ≥ 18岁 合计 % ILI % ILI % ILI % ILI % ILI % 2021年8月 7 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 0.12 2021年9月 12 48.00 6 24.00 2 8.00 5 20.00 0 0.00 25 0.42 2021年10月 6 31.58 1 5.26 0 0.00 0 0.00 12 63.16 19 0.32 2021年11月 7 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 0.12 2021年12月 0 0.00 0 0.00 25 55.56 19 42.22 1 2.22 45 0.75 2022年1月 44 11.96 101 27.45 133 36.14 89 24.18 1 0.27 368 6.11 2022年2月 31 17.42 32 17.98 77 43.26 31 17.42 7 3.93 178 2.96 2022年3月 69 17.21 70 17.46 141 35.16 108 26.93 13 3.24 401 6.66 2022年4月 0 0.00 0 0.00 12 63.16 0 0.00 7 36.84 19 0.32 2022年5月 6 13.33 6 13.33 20 44.44 6 13.33 7 15.56 45 0.75 2022年6月 318 10.04 434 13.70 1616 51.01 273 8.62 527 16.64 3168 52.64 2022年7月 209 12.04 305 17.57 966 55.65 193 11.12 63 3.63 1736 28.85 合计 709 11.78 955 15.87 2992 49.72 724 12.03 638 10.60 6018 100.00 
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表 2 厦门市哨点医院2021 — 2022年流感病毒核酸阳性率及各亚型占比
Table 2. Nucleic acid positivity rate and subtype ratio of influenza virus among ILI cases detected at sentinel hospitals in Xiamen city，2021 – 2022
时间 检测数 阳性数 阳性率（%） 甲型H1N1 甲型H3N2 乙型流感Victoria系 混合感染 n 构成比（%） n 构成比（%） n 构成比
（%）n 构成比（%） 2021年8月 104 66 63.46 1 1.52 29 43.94 25 37.88 11 16.67 2021年9月 100 56 56.00 2 3.57 30 53.57 20 35.71 4 7.14 2021年10月 71 34 47.89 0 0.00 11 32.35 11 32.35 12 35.29 2021年11月 104 65 62.50 3 4.62 5 7.69 49 75.38 8 12.31 2021年12月 144 83 57.64 3 3.61 23 27.71 44 53.01 13 15.66 2022年1月 221 136 61.54 5 3.68 37 27.21 85 62.50 9 6.62 2022年2月 163 89 54.60 6 6.74 3 3.37 68 76.40 12 13.48 2022年3月 388 209 53.87 4 1.91 94 44.98 98 46.89 13 6.22 2022年4月 214 89 41.59 2 2.25 16 17.98 56 62.92 15 16.85 2022年5月 254 136 53.54 1 0.74 96 70.59 23 16.91 16 11.76 2022年6月 671 487 72.58 0 0.00 444 91.17 24 4.93 19 3.90 2022年7月 360 233 64.72 0 0.00 184 78.97 34 14.59 15 6.44 合计 2794 1683 60.24 27 1.60 972 57.75 537 31.91 147 8.73
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